Understanding Electrical Shock Injuries

Electrical shock occurs when an electric current flows through the body, potentially causing mild discomfort, severe internal damage, or even death. The seriousness of the injury depends on several factors:

  • Type of current (alternating or direct)

  • Voltage level

  • Pathway of the current through the body

  • Duration of exposure

  • The person's age and health condition

  • How quickly medical treatment is provided

Shock injuries may not always show visible marks on the skin. However, electricity can cause serious internal damage to muscles, nerves, organs, and even disrupt heart and brain functions.

Common Causes of Electrical Shock

Many environments pose risks for electrical injury:

  • Faulty appliances or damaged power cords

  • Water and electricity contact (e.g., using electrical items in bathrooms)

  • DIY repairs or poor-quality electrical installations

  • Overhead power lines in construction or outdoor areas

  • Lightning strikes

  • Children playing with exposed sockets or cords

These scenarios can quickly turn deadly if not handled correctly.

Signs and Symptoms of Electrical Shock

Symptoms can vary widely depending on the severity of the shock. Look for:

  • Burns on the skin (especially hands, feet, or entry/exit points)

  • Confusion or loss of awareness

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Irregular heartbeat or palpitations

  • No pulse (cardiac arrest)

  • Muscle pain, stiffness, or contractions

  • Seizures

  • Loss of consciousness

  • Unexplained falls or injuries

Even if the person appears stable, there may be hidden damage—especially to the heart or nervous system.

When To Call Emergency Services

Dial 911 or your local emergency number immediately if the affected person:

  • Has severe burns

  • Is confused, unresponsive, or unconscious

  • Is having trouble breathing

  • Shows signs of heart rhythm problems

  • Is in cardiac arrest

  • Complains of muscle pain or stiffness

  • Is experiencing seizures

Quick action can make a significant difference in survival and recovery.

How To Provide First Aid for Electrical Shock

While waiting for emergency services to arrive, you can help stabilize the victim by following these steps:

Step 1: Ensure Your Safety

Before approaching the injured person:

  • Turn off the source of electricity, if it’s safe to do so.

  • If not possible, use a dry, non-metallic object such as a broomstick, wooden chair, or plastic tool to move the source away from the person.

Note: Never touch the person while they are still in contact with the electrical current.

Step 2: Assess the Victim’s Condition

If the person is not breathing, not moving, or has no pulse:

  • Begin CPR immediately.

    • Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute.

    • If trained, alternate with rescue breaths.

Step 3: Treat Burns or Injuries

If the person is conscious and breathing:

  • Cover any burns with sterile gauze or a clean cloth.

  • Avoid using towels or blankets, as loose fibers may stick to the wounds.

  • Do not apply ointments or creams to electrical burns.

  • Keep the person warm but not overheated.

What Not To Do

  • Do not touch the victim while the current is still active.

  • Do not move the injured person unless there’s an immediate danger (e.g., fire or water).

  • Do not attempt to clean deep burns or remove clothing stuck to the skin.

  • Do not cover burns with fluffy materials like cotton or wool towels.

  • Do not delay calling emergency services if unsure about the severity.

High-Voltage Hazards: Stay Alert

Dealing with high-voltage wires or lightning strikes requires extra caution:

  • Stay at least 20 feet (6 meters) away from downed power lines

  • If the line is sparking or jumping, stay even farther

  • If you're inside a vehicle that is in contact with a live wire:

    • Stay inside and call emergency services

    • Do not touch any metal parts or exit until professionals confirm it’s safe

Medical Evaluation Is Essential

Even if someone seems fine after an electric shock, they must see a doctor. Here's why:

  • Electrical current may cause delayed symptoms, such as:

    • Cardiac arrhythmia

    • Muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis)

    • Kidney injury

    • Neurological issues

  • Internal injuries may not be visible from the outside

  • Children, the elderly, and people with preexisting heart conditions are at higher risk

How Doctors Diagnose and Treat Electrical Shock

When a person visits a hospital after an electric shock, the medical team may:

  • Perform ECG or heart monitoring for signs of arrhythmia

  • Order blood tests to check for muscle breakdown or kidney function

  • Conduct imaging tests like CT scans for possible trauma

  • Administer IV fluids if there’s a risk of internal injury

  • Admit the patient for overnight observation in moderate to severe cases

Tips To Prevent Electrical Shock Accidents

Most electrical injuries are preventable. Follow these safety tips at home and work:

  • Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor areas

  • Never use appliances with wet hands or near water

  • Regularly inspect cords and electrical devices for damage

  • Cover unused outlets if you have children at home

  • Avoid overloading sockets or power strips

  • Hire licensed professionals for electrical repairs or installations

  • Wear protective gear when working near electricity

Final Thoughts

Electrical shock is a silent danger—sometimes showing no signs until it’s too late. Acting quickly, prioritizing safety, and calling emergency services can save lives. Whether it’s a minor jolt or a major shock, always treat the situation seriously and seek medical care.

Don’t wait for symptoms to appear. When in doubt, check it out with a healthcare professional.