What are insect bites and stings

Most insect bites and stings are harmless and only cause minor symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling. These reactions typically resolve within a couple of days without medical treatment. However, some insects can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease, malaria, or dengue fever. In rare cases, bites or stings from insects like bees, wasps, hornets, or fire ants can trigger a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, which requires immediate emergency care.

When to seek emergency help

Call 911 or your local emergency number if a child is stung by a scorpion or if anyone experiences symptoms of anaphylaxis, even if only one or two signs are present. These include:

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Swelling of the lips, face, eyelids, or throat

  • Dizziness, fainting, or unconsciousness

  • Rapid or weak pulse

  • Hives or widespread rash

  • Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

While waiting for emergency help:

  • Ask the person if they are carrying an epinephrine autoinjector (such as Auvi-Q or EpiPen). Assist them in using it if needed. Press the autoinjector firmly against the thigh and hold for several seconds.

  • Loosen tight clothing and keep the person warm with a blanket.

  • Do not give anything to drink.

  • If the person is vomiting, position them to prevent choking.

First aid treatment for mild bites or stings

For most non-emergency insect bites or stings, you can treat symptoms at home using the following steps:

  • Move away from the area to prevent further bites or stings.

  • If a stinger is present, gently remove it.

  • Wash the affected area with soap and water to prevent infection.

  • Apply a cold compress or cloth dampened with cold water to the area for 10 to 20 minutes to reduce pain and swelling.

  • If the bite or sting is on an arm or leg, elevate it to help reduce swelling.

  • Use over-the-counter topical treatments like calamine lotion, baking soda paste, or 0.5% or 1% hydrocortisone cream. Apply several times a day until symptoms ease.

  • For itching, take an oral antihistamine such as cetirizine, fexofenadine (Allegra), or loratadine (Claritin).

  • If needed, use a nonprescription pain reliever like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

When to call your doctor

Contact a healthcare provider if:

  • Swelling worsens after a day or two

  • The area becomes red, warm, or pus-filled, which may indicate infection

  • You feel unwell, fatigued, or feverish

  • You suspect the bite or sting may have come from a disease-carrying insect

Conclusion

Insect bites and stings are usually mild and manageable with home care. However, it's essential to recognize the signs of a serious allergic reaction and act quickly when needed. Always observe how your body responds and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or don't improve. Staying aware and prepared can help prevent complications and ensure a safe recovery.