Overview

Most spider bites result in only mild injuries and heal on their own. However, bites from certain species—such as black widows or brown recluse spiders—can be harmful and require medical attention.

When to Seek Emergency Help

Seek immediate medical care if any of the following apply:

  • You were bitten by a black widow or brown recluse spider

  • You’re unsure whether the bite came from a dangerous spider

  • You have severe pain, stomach cramps, or the wound is expanding

  • You’re experiencing difficulty breathing or swallowing

  • The skin around the bite becomes increasingly inflamed or shows red streaks

Treatment

Follow these steps to care for a spider bite:

  • Wash the area gently with mild soap and water. Apply antibiotic ointment three times a day to help prevent infection

  • Apply a cool compress for 15 minutes every hour to relieve pain and swelling

  • If possible, elevate the affected area

  • Use over-the-counter pain relievers as needed

  • If itching occurs, try an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine or cetirizine. Calamine lotion or a mild steroid cream may also help

  • For pain and muscle spasms, a healthcare provider may prescribe medication or recommend a tetanus shot

Black Widow Spider

The black widow spider is recognized by the red hourglass shape on its underside. It is more commonly found in the southern United States but is also present in parts of Europe.

Symptoms of a black widow bite may include:

  • Red, swollen, and painful skin at the bite site

  • Severe abdominal pain or cramping

  • Nausea, vomiting, shaking, or sweating

Brown Recluse Spider

The brown recluse spider has a violin-shaped mark on its back, although it can be hard to spot. It is commonly found in the southern half of the United States and in South America.

Symptoms of a brown recluse bite may include:

  • Mild pain initially

  • Fever, chills, and body aches

  • A sore that develops a blue or purple center surrounded by a pale ring