Overview

If you suspect a person has a back or neck (spinal) injury, do not move them. Improper movement can lead to permanent paralysis or other severe complications. Always treat the situation with extreme caution.

When to Suspect a Spinal Injury

Assume a spinal injury may have occurred if any of the following signs are present:

  • There is a head injury along with a change in consciousness

  • The person reports severe neck or back pain

  • The injury involved significant force to the head or spine

  • The person shows signs of weakness, numbness, or paralysis

  • There is loss of bladder or bowel control

  • The neck or body appears twisted or positioned unnaturally

First Aid Steps

  • Call emergency services immediately by dialing 911 or your local emergency number

  • Keep the person completely still. Use rolled towels or blankets placed on both sides of the neck, or manually hold their head and neck in place

  • Avoid moving the head or neck unless absolutely necessary

  • If the person is not breathing or has no signs of circulation (breathing, coughing, or movement), begin CPR. Do not tilt the head back. Instead, lift the jaw gently forward using your fingers

  • If the person is wearing a helmet, do not remove it. However, if it’s a football helmet and you need access to the airway, the facemask may be removed

  • If you must roll the person (for example, if they are vomiting or choking), do not do it alone. One person should support the head and neck, while another supports the body. Carefully roll the person while keeping their spine aligned