What is heatstroke

Heatstroke is the most serious heat-related illness. It occurs when the body overheats rapidly and loses the ability to cool itself through sweating. This leads to a dangerously high core body temperature, which can cause severe damage to the brain, heart, kidneys, and other vital organs.

Heatstroke can develop from strenuous activity in hot conditions or from simply being in a hot environment for too long. It can happen even without earlier symptoms of heat exhaustion or heat cramps.

When to seek emergency help

Heatstroke is a medical emergency. Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately if you suspect someone has heatstroke. Delaying care can lead to permanent organ damage or death.

While waiting for emergency responders, begin first aid right away to cool the person as quickly as possible.

Symptoms of heatstroke

Common signs and symptoms of heatstroke include:

  • Body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or higher

  • Confusion, agitation, or altered mental state

  • Slurred speech or trouble concentrating

  • Hot and dry skin, although some people may still sweat

  • Red or flushed skin

  • Rapid heartbeat

  • Fast and shallow breathing

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Headache

  • Dizziness or fainting

  • Seizures

  • Loss of consciousness or coma

These symptoms can escalate quickly, making it essential to act without delay.

First aid treatment for heatstroke

Begin cooling the person using any method available. The goal is to reduce body temperature as quickly as possible. Here are effective ways to cool someone experiencing heatstroke:

Move the person to a cooler place immediately. This can be indoors with air conditioning or at least a shaded area outdoors.

Immerse the person in cold water. Use a tub or cool shower if available.

Spray with water from a hose. If a tub isn’t available, use a garden hose to soak the person with cold water.

Apply cold packs. Focus on placing ice or cold towels on high-heat areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin.

Mist the skin with water while fanning. This encourages evaporation and speeds up cooling.

Use cool, wet sheets or towels. Cover the person to help lower body temperature.

Offer chilled fluids. If the person is alert and able to swallow, give cold water, electrolyte drinks, or another caffeine-free, nonalcoholic beverage.

If the person becomes unconscious and stops breathing, begin CPR immediately. Continue until medical professionals arrive or the person shows signs of circulation.

Conclusion

Heatstroke is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate action. Recognizing the symptoms early and applying cooling strategies quickly can save a life. Never wait for symptoms to improve on their own. Fast response, hydration, and seeking emergency care are key to preventing serious complications or death.