Understanding Electrical Burns

Electrical burns are injuries caused when an electric current passes through the body. They can occur in a variety of situations—from direct contact with a power source to lightning strikes or even stun gun exposure. While some electrical burns may look minor on the surface, the internal damage can be severe and even life-threatening.

Electrical burns differ significantly from other types of burns because electricity can affect not just the skin, but also internal tissues such as muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and vital organs. This is why immediate first aid and professional medical evaluation are crucial.

Common Causes of Electrical Burns

There are multiple ways a person can experience an electrical burn, including:

  • Household accidents: Contact with faulty wiring, appliances, or exposed cords

  • Workplace injuries: Especially in construction or electrical-related jobs

  • Lightning strikes: Though rare, these can cause severe internal injuries

  • Tasers or stun guns: Often cause small entry and exit wounds

  • Downed power lines: A major source of high-voltage exposure

Signs and Symptoms of Electrical Burns

While some symptoms are visible on the skin, others might not appear immediately but are just as dangerous:

  • Burn marks at the entry and exit points of the electric current

  • Redness or swelling of the skin

  • Tingling or numbness in limbs

  • Irregular heartbeat or chest pain

  • Muscle spasms or involuntary contractions

  • Breathing difficulties

  • Seizures

  • Loss of consciousness

  • Confusion or disorientation

Even if the external burn appears minor, internal damage may be extensive.

When To Call Emergency Services

Immediate medical assistance is required in any of the following cases:

  • Contact with high-voltage sources (e.g., power lines, lightning)

  • Severe burns with charred or broken skin

  • Signs of confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness

  • Difficulty breathing or speaking

  • No pulse or signs of cardiac arrest

  • Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

  • Severe pain, especially in muscles or joints

Dial 911 or your local emergency number right away. Delaying treatment can lead to complications or death.

How To Provide First Aid for Minor Electrical Burns

If the burn appears minor and the person is alert, breathing normally, and not in distress, follow these steps:

  1. Cool the burn
    Apply a clean, cool, damp cloth to the affected area. Do not use ice, as it can cause further tissue damage.

  2. Clean the skin gently
    Rinse the area with clean water and mild soap if the skin is unbroken.

  3. Cover with a sterile bandage
    Use a non-stick, sterile dressing or a clean cloth to protect the area and prevent infection.

  4. Avoid applying creams or ointments
    These may interfere with the assessment of the wound and could trap heat.

Even in minor cases, it is still advisable to seek medical evaluation to rule out internal injuries.

What To Do While Waiting for Emergency Help (For Serious Burns)

If someone has suffered a serious electrical burn and help is on the way, here’s what you should do:

  1. Turn off the power source
    If it's safe to do so, turn off the electricity at the source. Do not touch the person until you're sure there is no current flowing.

  2. Use a nonconductive object to separate the person from the source
    Use something like a dry wooden stick, cardboard, or plastic item to move wires or the person.

  3. Check for breathing and pulse
    If the person is unresponsive and not breathing, begin CPR immediately.

  4. Cover burned areas
    Use sterile gauze or a clean sheet. Avoid using fabric that may stick to the wound, like towels or blankets.

  5. Prevent chilling
    Keep the person warm without overheating. Do not use direct heat sources.

What NOT To Do After an Electrical Burn

Avoid these common mistakes that can worsen the injury:

  • Don’t attempt to remove stuck clothing

  • Don’t clean deep or charred burns

  • Don’t move the person, unless in immediate danger (e.g., fire, collapsing structure)

  • Don’t use adhesive dressings or cotton wool, as fibers can stick to wounds

  • Don’t use blankets or towels directly on burns

Important Safety Precautions for Bystanders

Your safety comes first. When responding to an electrical burn situation, keep the following in mind:

  • Stay at least 50 feet (15 meters) away from downed power lines—even farther if there's sparking or jumping currents.

  • If a power line falls on a vehicle, instruct the occupants to stay inside. Do not attempt to leave the vehicle until emergency services arrive.

  • Do not touch a person who is still in contact with a live electrical source until the current is turned off or safely interrupted.

Why Everyone Should See a Doctor After an Electrical Burn

It’s strongly recommended that anyone exposed to electrical current—regardless of burn severity—see a healthcare provider. Here's why:

  • Hidden injuries: The skin may appear only slightly burned while deeper muscles, nerves, and blood vessels are significantly damaged.

  • Internal organ risk: The heart and brain are especially vulnerable to electrical injury.

  • Delayed symptoms: Some symptoms (like arrhythmias or kidney issues) may show up hours or days later.

Early evaluation and monitoring help prevent complications and ensure proper healing.

Preventing Electrical Burns: Key Tips

  • Use circuit breakers and GFCI outlets in high-risk areas like bathrooms and kitchens.

  • Inspect wires and cords regularly. Replace any frayed or damaged ones.

  • Teach children not to play with electrical outlets or appliances.

  • Avoid using electrical devices when hands or surfaces are wet.

  • Wear protective gear when working with electricity or on job sites.

Final Thoughts

Electrical burns can be deceptive. What seems like a minor injury on the outside could be a medical emergency on the inside. Quick action, proper first aid, and timely medical care are essential for the best possible outcome.

If in doubt, always seek professional help. Electrical injuries are not something to treat casually, as the effects can be life-altering—or even fatal—if ignored.