Dwarfism refers to a condition in which an individual has a short stature, typically under 4’10” as an adult. While it is often accompanied by specific physical traits, the experience of living with dwarfism is far more complex. People with dwarfism face various challenges, including physical, social, and emotional aspects that require understanding, respect, and sensitivity. One of the ongoing challenges is the terminology used to describe individuals with dwarfism.

Historically, terms like "midget" have been used, but these words are now widely recognized as offensive and dehumanizing. Understanding the correct language and how it affects individuals with dwarfism is crucial in fostering an environment of respect. In this article, we will dive into the types of dwarfism, offensive terms, and what you should know to create a more inclusive, respectful society for people with dwarfism.

What Is Dwarfism?

Dwarfism is generally defined as a medical condition in which a person’s height is significantly below average due to changes in bone and cartilage development. Adults with dwarfism typically stand at 4 feet 10 inches or shorter. Dwarfism is caused by various genetic changes that affect the growth and development of bones and cartilage. Most people with dwarfism have a normal life expectancy and can lead full lives, with jobs, relationships, and hobbies, just like anyone else.

Dwarfism is not a disease, and there is no "cure" for it. It is simply a different way that human bodies can develop, and people with dwarfism experience the same range of emotions and aspirations as those of average height. Some may face health-related concerns due to their condition, such as joint problems or hearing and vision impairments, but these can often be treated or managed effectively.

Types of Dwarfism

There are over 300 different health conditions that can result in dwarfism. Each type presents unique physical characteristics and potential health complications. The most common form of dwarfism is achondroplasia, but there are many other forms, each with its own set of physical traits.

Achondroplasia

Achondroplasia is the most well-known form of dwarfism and affects approximately 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people. Common features of achondroplasia include:

  • A large head with a prominent forehead

  • Short limbs, particularly in the arms and legs

  • Bowed legs and a curved lower back

  • A flattened nose bridge and short fingers

Diastrophic Dysplasia

This form of dwarfism is less common, affecting about 1 in 100,000 people. It is characterized by:

  • Deformities of the outer ear

  • Cleft palate

  • Abnormal thumb positioning (such as "hitchhiker’s thumb")

  • Downward or inward-pointing feet

  • Spine curvature

Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias (SED)

SED involves short trunk dwarfism, where the torso is shorter than the limbs. People with SED may experience:

  • Club feet

  • Early onset arthritis

  • Hearing and vision impairments

  • Spine instability and deformities that change over time

These various forms of dwarfism show that the condition is not monolithic but comes with a range of physical traits and challenges.

What Do People with Dwarfism Prefer to Be Called?

The terminology used to describe people with dwarfism has evolved over time. The term "midget" is now considered offensive by nearly all individuals with dwarfism and advocacy groups like Little People of America (LPA). Instead, terms like "little person," "LP," or "person of short stature" are more widely accepted.

However, it’s important to note that many people with dwarfism simply prefer to be addressed by their name, rather than by any label related to their stature. Person-first language such as "person with dwarfism" emphasizes that a person is not defined solely by their condition. On the other hand, some people prefer identity-first language, such as "dwarf," if they consider dwarfism a significant part of their identity.

Which Terms Are Offensive?

Certain terms can be deeply offensive when referring to individuals with dwarfism. The most well-known of these is "midget." This word has been historically used to demean people with dwarfism, especially in circuses and "freak shows" in the past. The word reduces people to objects of spectacle rather than acknowledging their humanity.

Another offensive behavior is assuming that all people with dwarfism are the same. As seen in a documentary by Jonathan Novick, people often make inappropriate comparisons between individuals with dwarfism, such as referencing a well-known celebrity who also has dwarfism. Each individual is unique, and it's crucial to treat them as such, avoiding stereotypes.

In addition, shouting or making comments about a person’s appearance—such as calling them "short stuff" or "little midget"—can be hurtful and dehumanizing. These behaviors not only objectify but also stigmatize individuals with dwarfism. Respectful and kind conversations should replace these offensive actions.

The History of the "M" Word

The term "midget" has roots in the 1800s, particularly in the world of "freak shows," where people with dwarfism were put on display as part of entertainment. The term continued to be used in a derogatory manner in shows like "midget wrestling," and even in modern media, but it remains offensive. The term "midget" implies that people with dwarfism are a spectacle, reducing them to a form of entertainment rather than recognizing them as individuals with dignity and agency.

What Other Behaviors Are Offensive?

Other common behaviors that are offensive to individuals with dwarfism include taking unsolicited photos or treating them as if they are incapable of performing daily tasks. For example, in the documentary "Don't Look Down on Me," Novick documented several instances of strangers snapping photos or making degrading comments about him in public. Such actions are invasive and disrespectful, reducing a person’s experience to mere curiosity.

Common offensive behaviors to avoid include:

  • Taking unsolicited photos: It’s important to always ask for permission before taking a picture of someone.

  • Shouting derogatory terms: Comments like “short stuff” or “little midget” from a distance are disrespectful and harmful.

  • Assuming everyone with dwarfism is the same: Treating individuals with dwarfism as if they are interchangeable or making assumptions about their personalities is offensive.

How to Be a Supportive Ally

Being an ally to individuals with dwarfism means respecting their identity, using appropriate language, and treating them as you would any other person. Educate yourself about dwarfism, and avoid making assumptions or generalizations about individuals with dwarfism. It’s crucial to recognize that just like anyone else, people with dwarfism have diverse experiences and preferences.

Conclusion

Dwarfism is a condition that affects the way a person’s bones and cartilage grow, leading to short stature. There are many different types of dwarfism, and people with dwarfism should be treated with the same respect and dignity as anyone else. The use of derogatory terms like "midget" should be avoided, and individuals should be addressed by their name or preferred term. Respectful and inclusive language helps create a more understanding and compassionate environment for individuals with dwarfism. It’s important to be mindful of their needs, avoid offensive behaviors, and engage in open, respectful conversations.