Vision loss appears to be linked to a higher likelihood of cognitive decline in older adults, according to new research. While memory issues and dementia are often viewed separately from eye health, growing evidence shows the two systems may be more connected than many people realize.

A correlation between visual impairment and dementia

Study findings
Researchers analyzed data from about 3,000 adults aged 71 and older from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. They evaluated three types of vision problems: near vision, distance vision, and contrast sensitivity.

Stronger dementia links with multiple impairments
People with any of these vision issues were more likely to have dementia than those without impairments, and the risk rose sharply for those with more than one type of visual difficulty.

Why this matters
Experts say many people fail to recognize that untreated vision problems may contribute to cognitive decline. Conversely, improving sight—such as through cataract surgery—has been associated with better cognition in some cases.

Does eyesight cause dementia or merely correlate with it?

Correlation, not proven cause
Researchers emphasize that the study does not prove that vision loss causes dementia, only that the two conditions often occur together.

Potential contributing factors
Some specialists believe that sensory deprivation—hearing or vision loss—may worsen cognitive symptoms in individuals already vulnerable to dementia.

Practical takeaway
Even without proven causation, it is reasonable to consider eye care as part of brain health support in aging adults.

How eye health may influence brain health

Early screening is key
Doctors recommend discussing both eyesight and cognitive concerns during routine physical exams. Family members may notice visual or memory changes earlier than the patient.

Improved vision may support cognition
Research has shown a lower dementia risk in older adults who underwent cataract surgery, suggesting that treating visual impairment could help protect cognitive function.

When to see a specialist
Anyone experiencing notable vision decline—or diagnosed with eye disease—should consider consulting both eye care and neurological professionals.

Maintaining proper eye health

Routine exams
The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends adults aged 65+ receive comprehensive eye exams every one to two years—or sooner if symptoms arise.

Common treatable eye diseases
Conditions linked to aging—such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration—are often manageable when detected early.

Vision loss isn’t “just aging”
Experts warn that many older adults avoid eye care because they assume sight loss is normal. Most age-related vision problems can be treated or slowed.

Key questions patients should ask eye doctors

Helpful topics to discuss include:

  • How often should I get an eye exam?

  • Do I show signs of cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration?

  • Does my family history increase my risk?

  • How do my medical conditions (e.g., diabetes) affect my eyes?

  • What treatments are available, and what results can I expect?

  • Could my vision impact memory, balance, or driving safety?

A holistic approach matters
Because vision is one of the primary ways we gather information from our environment, maintaining healthy eyesight may support better memory and overall brain function as we age.