Mange is a skin condition in dogs caused by microscopic mites that irritate the skin, often leading to intense scratching, hair loss, and infection. While mange can sound serious—and in many cases, it is uncomfortable for your pet—early diagnosis and proper care can restore your dog’s health and comfort. In this comprehensive guide, you'll learn about the causes, types, symptoms, and the best approaches to treatment and prevention.

What Is Mange?

Mange is a form of dermatitis triggered by mite infestations. These mites live either on the surface or deep within hair follicles and skin layers. While some mites are naturally present in small numbers on all dogs, others are external parasites acquired through contact with infected animals or environments.

There are two primary types of mange in dogs:

  1. Sarcoptic Mange – highly contagious and caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites.

  2. Demodectic Mange – caused by Demodex canis mites, which are usually present in low numbers but can become problematic if a dog’s immune system is compromised.

Understanding which type your dog has is crucial, as the causes, treatments, and risks differ significantly.

Sarcoptic Mange (Scabies)

What Causes It?

Sarcoptic mange is caused by mites that burrow into the outer skin layer. These mites are acquired from other animals, especially in places with poor hygiene or shared bedding and food. This form of mange is not only contagious to other dogs but can also affect humans and cats.

Dogs often contract sarcoptic mange by:

  • Coming into contact with wildlife (e.g., foxes, coyotes)

  • Being near infected dogs in boarding facilities or shelters

  • Sharing bedding, collars, or grooming equipment

Symptoms of Sarcoptic Mange

The earliest signs of sarcoptic mange are typically intense itching and restlessness. Common symptoms include:

  • Persistent scratching, chewing, or licking

  • Red, irritated patches of skin

  • Hair loss, especially on ears, elbows, chest, and abdomen

  • Crusty or scabby skin

  • Thickening of skin over time

  • Unpleasant odor from infected areas

In severe or untreated cases, your dog may develop secondary infections, lose weight, or show signs of depression and lethargy.

Is It Contagious?

Yes, sarcoptic mange is highly contagious. Not only can it spread rapidly among dogs, but it can also cause temporary itching in humans who come into contact with infected pets. While the mites don’t typically survive long on human skin, the irritation they cause can last several days.

Demodectic Mange (Red Mange)

What Causes It?

Unlike sarcoptic mange, demodectic mange is not contagious. It’s caused by Demodex mites, which are passed from mother to pup during nursing. Most dogs have small numbers of these mites without any problems. However, if the immune system is underdeveloped (as in puppies) or weakened due to illness, stress, or age, the mites can multiply uncontrollably, leading to symptoms.

Demodectic mange is more likely to appear in:

  • Puppies under 12 months

  • Elderly dogs

  • Dogs with chronic illnesses like cancer or diabetes

  • Dogs undergoing immune-suppressing treatments

Symptoms of Demodectic Mange

This form of mange usually starts more subtly than sarcoptic mange. It may begin with:

  • Localized bald patches (especially around the face and paws)

  • Mild redness or inflammation

  • Oily or scaly skin

  • Little to no itching at first

As the condition worsens (generalized demodicosis), symptoms can spread and intensify:

  • Widespread hair loss

  • Thickened or darkened skin

  • Pustules or scabs

  • Foul odor due to secondary bacterial infections

Diagnosing Mange in Dogs

If your dog is showing signs of skin discomfort, hair loss, or behavioral changes related to itching, a vet visit is necessary. The diagnosis process typically includes:

  1. Physical examination – The vet will examine your dog’s skin and ask about recent behavior and symptoms.

  2. Skin scraping – A sample is taken from the affected area and examined under a microscope. Demodex mites are usually easy to identify this way. Sarcoptes mites can be trickier because they burrow under the skin, so multiple scrapings or additional tests may be needed.

  3. Hair plucking – Sometimes hair samples are taken from the roots for deeper analysis.

  4. Skin biopsy or culture – In advanced cases, vets may perform more in-depth testing to rule out other skin conditions such as allergies or fungal infections.

Treating Mange

Medications

Treatment depends on the type and severity of mange:

  • Oral or topical anti-parasitic medications are typically prescribed for both types of mange. Isoxazoline-based drugs (commonly used for flea and tick prevention) have proven effective for killing mites.

  • Antibiotics may be necessary if the skin has developed a secondary infection.

  • Anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids can help reduce swelling and discomfort during the healing process.

  • Medicated shampoos or dips might be recommended to soothe the skin and remove debris, although modern treatments often make dips unnecessary.

Treatment Duration

Dogs often show improvement within a few days to a week after starting treatment, but a full recovery may take several weeks. It's important to follow the vet’s instructions and complete the entire treatment course, even if symptoms improve quickly.

Managing the Environment

To prevent re-infestation or spread (especially with sarcoptic mange), it’s critical to clean your home and pet’s belongings thoroughly:

  • Wash all bedding, toys, and blankets in hot water.

  • Vacuum and disinfect areas your dog frequents.

  • Isolate infected pets from others until cleared by the vet.

  • Wear gloves when handling infected dogs and wash your hands afterward.

Preventing Mange

For Sarcoptic Mange

  • Regular parasite prevention: Monthly flea/tick preventatives that contain isoxazolines can also help guard against mites.

  • Avoid contact with stray or wild animals: Especially in areas where wildlife commonly passes through.

  • Disinfect shared items: Especially in multi-pet households or public pet spaces like groomers or dog parks.

For Demodectic Mange

  • Strengthen your dog’s immune system: Provide a nutritious diet, reduce stress, and treat any underlying conditions.

  • Monitor puppies: Young dogs are more prone to demodectic mange, but localized forms often resolve on their own.

  • Regular vet checkups: Especially if your dog has a history of skin issues or immune disorders.

Final Thoughts

While mange in dogs can be distressing to witness, it is a treatable condition. Identifying the symptoms early, seeking professional diagnosis, and committing to a full course of treatment will significantly improve your dog’s comfort and recovery.

Preventive care, such as regular grooming and consistent parasite control, can help keep mange and many other skin issues at bay. If you ever suspect your dog has mange, consult your veterinarian as soon as possible—early action is key to keeping your furry friend healthy and happy.