Cats rely heavily on their eyesight to navigate the world—whether stalking a toy, jumping to a windowsill, or exploring new spaces. But like humans, they can suffer from a variety of eye disorders. These issues often begin subtly, with a bit of squinting or a watery eye, but left unchecked, they can progress into serious conditions that affect comfort and even vision.

Cats are known for masking signs of pain, so any small change in their eyes deserves attention. Redness, discharge, swelling, and frequent blinking may be indicators of an underlying condition that requires medical care. This article outlines six commonly encountered eye issues in cats, their symptoms, potential causes, and how they are usually treated.

1. Conjunctivitis (Inflamed Eye Membranes)

One of the most frequently diagnosed feline eye conditions is conjunctivitis, often referred to as “pink eye.” It involves inflammation of the conjunctiva—the thin, clear tissue that lines the eyelids and covers part of the eyeball. Affected cats may have red, puffy eyes with noticeable discharge ranging from clear to yellow or green.

Common causes include:

  • Viral infections (especially feline herpesvirus)

  • Bacterial infections

  • Irritants such as dust, smoke, or chemicals

  • Trauma to the eye

  • Allergic reactions

Although not usually transmitted from cats to humans, conjunctivitis can spread between cats, especially in environments with many animals, like shelters or multi-cat households.

Veterinary examination is necessary for proper diagnosis. Treatment typically involves medicated eye drops or ointments, and in cases involving infections, antibiotics may be prescribed. Owners should avoid reusing old medications from previous infections, as different underlying causes require different treatments. Artificial tears can be used temporarily, but delaying professional care may allow a minor condition to worsen significantly.

2. Blepharitis (Eyelid Inflammation)

Blepharitis is a condition where the edges of the eyelids become swollen, irritated, or crusty. While it may look like a mild cosmetic issue at first, it can cause significant discomfort and may be a sign of other health problems.

Potential causes include:

  • Structural abnormalities such as entropion (where the eyelid folds inward)

  • Infections (bacterial, fungal, or viral)

  • Allergic reactions

  • Skin conditions such as seborrhea or dermatitis

  • Tumors affecting the eyelid area

Breeds with flat faces and heavy facial folds—like Persians and Himalayans—are more prone to this issue.

Veterinarians often recommend a combination of treatments including warm compresses to reduce swelling, medicated eye drops or ointments, and in some cases, surgical intervention to correct anatomical defects. Anti-inflammatory medications may also be used depending on the underlying cause.

3. Cataracts in Older Cats

Though less common than in dogs or humans, cataracts can occur in cats, typically later in life. This condition occurs when the lens of the eye becomes opaque or cloudy, leading to partial or complete loss of vision.

Cataracts can be triggered by:

  • Eye trauma

  • Chronic inflammation within the eye (known as uveitis)

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Genetics or aging-related changes

Signs of cataracts include cloudy or bluish pupils and changes in the cat’s behavior—such as hesitancy in unfamiliar spaces or reluctance to jump. Cataracts themselves are not painful, but if they lead to other conditions like glaucoma, discomfort may arise.

Some cataracts remain stable and don’t require intervention. However, if they progress, surgical removal of the lens may be considered. Your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist for further evaluation.

 

 

4. Glaucoma (Elevated Intraocular Pressure)

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition characterized by increased pressure inside the eye due to poor drainage of fluid. If left untreated, it can cause permanent damage to the retina and optic nerve, resulting in blindness.

Causes of glaucoma in cats:

  • Uveitis (inflammation inside the eye)

  • Lens dislocation

  • Tumors

  • Eye injuries

  • Genetic predisposition

Cats with glaucoma may exhibit symptoms such as:

  • Swollen or bulging eyes

  • Cloudiness over the cornea

  • Enlarged pupils that don’t respond to light

  • Squinting or keeping the eye shut

  • Head tilting or pawing at the face

  • Vision loss

This condition requires prompt medical attention. Treatment may include eye drops to reduce pressure, medications to control inflammation, and pain relief. In cases where vision cannot be restored and discomfort is severe, removal of the affected eye might be necessary to improve the cat's quality of life.

5. Keratitis (Corneal Inflammation)

Keratitis refers to the inflammation of the cornea—the transparent outer layer of the eye. It can be caused by infections, injuries, or immune system disorders and may lead to scarring or vision impairment if not treated quickly.

Symptoms of keratitis include:

  • Red, irritated eyes

  • Increased tear production

  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

  • Blinking or squinting

  • Eye discharge

  • Cloudiness in the affected area

Testing by a veterinarian is necessary to determine whether the cause is viral (like feline herpesvirus), bacterial, or fungal. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may involve antiviral medications, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or lubricating eye drops. Regular follow-up is essential, as keratitis can be chronic or recur after periods of improvement.

6. Corneal Ulcers (Surface Damage to the Eye)

Corneal ulcers occur when the surface of the eye is physically damaged—whether by scratching, rubbing, chemical exposure, or foreign bodies. These injuries are not only painful but can also lead to infection or permanent vision loss if untreated.

Indications of a corneal ulcer:

  • Red or bloodshot eyes

  • Clear or colored discharge

  • Squinting or keeping one eye closed

  • Excessive blinking

  • Sensitivity to light

  • Swelling near the surface of the eye

Veterinarians can diagnose ulcers using a fluorescent stain test, which highlights the damaged area under special lighting. Treatment depends on the severity:

  • Mild cases: Treated with antibiotic eye drops and pain relief.

  • Severe or deep ulcers: May require surgery or other intensive interventions. Scar tissue (called corneal sequestra) can develop and might necessitate surgical removal if it impairs vision.

Quick intervention can often save the eye and preserve sight, so it's vital not to delay seeking care.

Final Thoughts on Cat Eye Health

Your cat’s eyes are not only beautiful—they’re essential to their daily functioning and quality of life. Even small changes in appearance or behavior related to the eyes should never be ignored. While cats often mask discomfort, signs like squinting, pawing at the face, or discharge may signal that something’s wrong.

Most feline eye problems can be managed or even reversed if addressed early. That’s why routine checkups, prompt attention to symptoms, and a clean, safe environment are all key to maintaining your cat’s ocular health. If you're ever in doubt, consult your veterinarian. It’s always better to be cautious than to risk irreversible damage to your cat’s vision.