Acetone is a colorless, flammable liquid widely found in both industrial and household products. It also naturally occurs in the human body as part of a group of chemicals called ketones, produced when the body breaks down fat instead of carbohydrates for energy—a metabolic state known as ketosis. While the body produces acetone in small amounts, industrial acetone is manufactured and used in various sectors, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, automotive, and cleaning products.
Despite its usefulness, acetone must be handled carefully, especially in high concentrations, as it can be toxic or flammable. Understanding its benefits and safe application can help users take advantage of this chemical while avoiding health and safety risks.
Applications And Health Connections
Used in cleaning and stain removal
Acetone is highly effective in removing stubborn stains, adhesives, and labels from glass and metal surfaces. It’s also found in many cleaning products for household use, including tile and bathroom cleaners. When applied carefully, acetone can eliminate grime and grease, making it useful for sanitizing countertops, mugs, and even floor scuffs.
Supports dermatological procedures
In dermatology, acetone may be used to cleanse the skin before procedures like chemical peels. Its solvent properties help remove oil, dirt, and cosmetic residue, allowing other skin treatments to penetrate more effectively.
Produced during ketosis
Acetone is naturally created by the body during ketosis—a process triggered when the body uses fat instead of carbs for energy. This typically occurs during fasting, intense exercise, or when following a ketogenic diet. While ketones like acetone are harmless in moderation, excessive accumulation can cause diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a potentially dangerous condition for individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.
Potential neurological effects
Some research indicates that increased acetone levels, via a ketogenic diet, might help control seizures in individuals with epilepsy. This connection between ketones and brain activity is still under study but has opened doors for therapeutic use in neurological disorders.
How To Use Acetone Safely
Remove nail polish
Acetone is commonly used to dissolve regular and gel nail polish. To do so, soak a cotton ball in pure acetone, apply it to the nail, and leave it on for about 10 minutes. Applying petroleum jelly around the cuticles beforehand can help protect the skin from irritation. Once the polish is removed, it's important to wash and moisturize the hands to restore hydration.
Clean tough stains
Acetone is excellent at breaking down stubborn residues such as melted plastics, paint, or adhesives. However, caution is needed when using it on fabrics. Some materials, especially those containing acetate, may degrade or discolor. A patch test is advised before full application.
Household cleaning
When diluted with water, acetone can clean soap scum, tub rings, or grime from tiles and glass surfaces. It also works well to erase scuff marks from laminate floors or remove residue from labels and stickers. It should never be used near open flames due to its flammability and must be used in ventilated areas to avoid toxic inhalation.
Safety Considerations And Side Effects
Environmental and occupational exposure
Acetone exists in low levels in the air and groundwater. People working in chemical plants or those who smoke may experience greater exposure. Breathing in large amounts over time can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, and irritation of the eyes, throat, or lungs.
Skin and systemic effects
Direct contact with acetone may lead to dry, cracked, or irritated skin. Long-term or excessive exposure can potentially affect the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. As a highly flammable substance, acetone must be kept away from heat sources or flames.
Choosing The Right Type Of Acetone
Technical-grade acetone
This type is primarily used in industrial settings to degrease heavy machinery. It contains more impurities and should never be used for personal care or in consumer-grade products due to its high toxicity.
ACS-grade or reagent-grade acetone
Purer and safer, this grade is approved for medical and pharmaceutical applications. It can even be used in food packaging as an indirect additive, though not consumed directly. For cosmetic and household use, look for acetone labeled safe for topical or personal use.
A Quick Summary
Acetone is a widely used chemical with a range of applications—from personal grooming and cleaning to industrial manufacturing. Though naturally occurring in small amounts in the human body, it must be used responsibly in external applications due to its potential side effects and flammability. With proper precautions, acetone can serve as a highly effective tool in both domestic and professional environments.
