Hip pain is a common complaint among women, especially as they approach middle age or older. This discomfort can significantly affect mobility and quality of life, making daily tasks like walking, sitting, or sleeping more difficult. While men can also experience hip pain, women are more prone due to a combination of anatomical structure, hormonal influences, and lifestyle factors. Understanding the underlying causes can help in managing the condition effectively.

Overview of the Hip Joint

The hip is a ball-and-socket joint where the head of the thigh bone (femur) fits into the pelvic socket (acetabulum). This joint allows for a wide range of movement and bears much of the body’s weight during activities. Surrounding muscles, tendons, ligaments, bursae (fluid-filled sacs), nerves, and blood vessels all support the function of the hip.

When any of these structures are injured or inflamed, pain can arise in different regions around the hip—such as the front, back, or side—and can vary from a dull ache to sharp, stabbing sensations.

Types of Hip Pain

Hip pain in women can be:

  • Acute – sudden and short-lived, usually due to an injury or strain.

  • Episodic – appearing occasionally and potentially triggered by certain activities.

  • Chronic – persistent pain lasting for months, often linked to degenerative or inflammatory conditions.

The specific presentation and intensity of the pain can provide clues about the underlying cause.

Common Causes of Hip Pain in Women

There are several possible reasons women may experience hip pain, some of which are more prevalent in specific age groups or physical activity levels.

1. Osteoarthritis

One of the most frequent causes of hip pain in older women, osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage cushioning the hip bones wears down over time. This leads to bones rubbing together, causing inflammation, stiffness, and pain.

Symptoms include groin pain that may radiate to the thighs or buttocks, pain that worsens with activity, stiffness after rest, and a reduced range of motion. Risk factors include aging, obesity, previous hip injuries, and a family history of arthritis.

2. Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursae—small sacs filled with fluid that reduce friction between tissues—can lead to a condition called bursitis. In the hip, this usually affects the outer area (trochanteric bursitis) or the front (iliopsoas bursitis).

Bursitis causes sharp or aching pain, especially when lying on the affected side, climbing stairs, or walking for long periods. Swelling and warmth may also be present. Repetitive movements, direct trauma, or underlying conditions like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis can increase risk.

3. Tendinitis

Tendinitis is inflammation of the tendons, which connect muscles to bones. In the hip, gluteal tendinitis affects the tendons of the buttock muscles and is common among middle-aged women. Pain typically occurs on the side of the hip and may extend down the thigh.

Hamstring tendinitis involves the tendons at the back of the hip and can result in pain while sitting or after vigorous exercise. Hormonal changes, especially around menopause, may contribute to increased susceptibility.

4. Labral Tears

The labrum is a ring of cartilage that lines the hip socket and provides stability. Tears in this cartilage can occur due to trauma or overuse, particularly in women with structural abnormalities like hip dysplasia.

Symptoms often include sharp groin pain, clicking or locking sensations, difficulty rotating the hip, and decreased mobility. Women involved in sports or high-impact physical activities may be more prone to labral tears.

5. Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)

FAI develops when abnormal bone growth causes the hip bones to rub against each other during movement. This can lead to damage to the joint and surrounding cartilage.

Signs include dull groin pain, sharp discomfort with twisting motions, stiffness, and limited range of movement. FAI is more common in active women and those with a history of high-impact sports or structural hip issues.

6. Hip Fractures

Fractures in the upper part of the thigh bone are serious injuries, especially common in older women with osteoporosis. These typically result from falls or accidents and cause sudden, intense pain.

In younger women, hip fractures are usually associated with traumatic events like car accidents or sports injuries. Symptoms include inability to move or bear weight on the leg, visible deformity, and bruising.

Less Common Causes of Hip Pain

Several less frequent conditions can also cause hip pain:

  • Hip dysplasia: A congenital condition where the hip socket is too shallow, increasing the risk of dislocation and pain with activity.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and can affect both hips.

  • Psoas syndrome: Involves inflammation of the iliopsoas muscle, leading to groin pain and stiffness.

  • Osteomyelitis: An infection in the hip bone or joint, often accompanied by fever, chills, and general unwellness.

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

While mild hip pain from overuse may resolve with rest and self-care, persistent or severe symptoms should be evaluated by a medical professional. See a provider if you experience:

  • Hip pain lasting more than a week

  • Difficulty walking or bearing weight

  • Fever or signs of infection

  • A fall or injury involving the hip

  • Numbness, tingling, or a visible deformity

Diagnosis of Hip Pain in Women

To diagnose the source of hip pain, healthcare providers typically start with a detailed medical history and physical examination. They may ask about the location, intensity, and duration of the pain and how it responds to movement or rest.

Imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs may be ordered to assess bone structure and soft tissues. Blood tests can help detect signs of inflammation or infection. In some cases, fluid from the joint may be examined to rule out infection or arthritis.

Treatment Options

The treatment of hip pain in women depends on the underlying cause. Approaches range from home remedies to medical interventions and, in severe cases, surgery.

Home Remedies

  • Rest and ice: Applying ice and avoiding aggravating activities can reduce inflammation.

  • Over-the-counter pain relief: Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may alleviate mild pain.

  • Supportive footwear: Wearing flat, cushioned shoes can ease pressure on the hips.

  • Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight helps minimize joint stress.

Medical Interventions

  • Prescription medications: Anti-inflammatories or corticosteroids may be prescribed for moderate to severe cases.

  • Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the hip and improve flexibility can reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence.

  • Injections: Cortisone injections can reduce inflammation in conditions like bursitis or arthritis.

  • Antibiotics: Used to treat infections such as osteomyelitis.

Surgical Treatments

When other options fail, surgical procedures may be necessary. These include:

  • Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive repair of tendons, ligaments, or cartilage.

  • Hip replacement: Replacement of the damaged joint with an artificial implant.

  • Hip resurfacing: A bone-conserving procedure often used for younger, active patients.

Conclusion

Hip pain in women is a multifaceted issue with a wide range of potential causes, from mild injuries to serious underlying conditions. Understanding the source of discomfort and seeking timely evaluation is essential to restoring mobility and improving quality of life. Whether through conservative treatment or more advanced medical intervention, addressing hip pain early can lead to better long-term outcomes and help women remain active and independent.