Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is a condition where blood flow and oxygen delivery to organs may become insufficient. While normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg, hypotension is usually diagnosed when readings fall below 90/60 mmHg.

Not everyone with low blood pressure experiences symptoms. However, some individuals may have dizziness, nausea, or fainting spells. These symptoms can interfere with daily life and may result in falls or other injuries.

There are many possible causes of low blood pressure, including certain medications or underlying health conditions. Treatment typically focuses on managing the root cause of the hypotension. Fortunately, appropriate care can help return blood pressure to a healthy level.

If you suspect you have low blood pressure or start to experience symptoms, visiting a healthcare provider is essential. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve your well-being.

Symptoms

Low blood pressure may not always present symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include:

Blurry vision
Dizziness
Fainting
Headache
Nausea
Rapid heart rate
Weakness
Feeling thirsty
Trouble concentrating
Depressive moods
Fatigue

In severe cases, symptoms may require immediate medical attention:

Blue-colored lips or nail beds
Cold and clammy skin
Difficulty breathing
Weak pulse or heart palpitations

Causes

Low blood pressure can result from acute or chronic conditions, a lack of blood or fluids, or certain medications. Healthcare providers may check for these contributing factors:

Overuse of blood pressure medications
Use of antidepressants
Dehydration, especially post-illness
Pregnancy, especially during the first 24 weeks
Septic shock or severe infections
Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
Significant blood loss
Anemia or iron deficiency
Heart failure
Diabetes
Thyroid disorders
Orthostatic hypotension, commonly seen in older adults and young women

Diagnosis

Hypotension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure, commonly using a cuff on the arm. In critical situations, an arterial line may be inserted into the wrist artery for more accurate readings.

A blood pressure reading includes two values:

Systolic pressure – Pressure when the heart beats
Diastolic pressure – Pressure between beats when the heart is resting

Blood pressure lower than 90/60 mmHg is considered hypotensive. If readings are concerning, your provider may discuss symptoms, health history, or lifestyle changes.

Additional tests such as blood work or an echocardiogram (ECG) may be ordered to assess for conditions like anemia, heart disease, or diabetes.

Treatment

The main goals of treatment are to normalize blood pressure and address any underlying conditions causing it.

Examples of causes and treatments include:

Overuse of blood pressure medication – Adjust the dosage
Dehydration – Provide IV fluids or increase fluid intake
Blood loss or anemia – Prescribe medication or supplements
Infections – Administer appropriate antibiotics

Treatment plans may vary depending on whether hypotension stems from a chronic disease like diabetes or heart failure.

Prevention

Although not all cases of low blood pressure can be prevented—particularly those linked to emergencies or trauma—there are steps to reduce recurrence:

Stand up slowly after prolonged sitting or lying down
Stay hydrated especially when ill
Monitor blood pressure before taking medications for hypertension
Wear compression garments when standing for extended periods
Follow treatment plans for existing health conditions

Frequent low blood pressure or disruptive symptoms should prompt a visit to your healthcare provider. Further testing or lifestyle changes might be necessary.

Living With Low Blood Pressure

Living with hypotension can be challenging, especially when symptoms disrupt daily activities. The progression of the condition largely depends on its cause.

Severe causes such as shock, sepsis, or trauma-related blood loss are medical emergencies. Recovery in such cases depends on how quickly treatment is initiated.

In less severe cases, hypotension may be manageable through hydration, medication adjustments, or treating the underlying condition. These interventions can help restore a normal blood pressure range.

Regardless of severity, if you notice symptoms, it is best to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early care can prevent complications and support a better quality of life.