Low blood pressure, also called hypotension, occurs when the force of blood flowing through your arteries and veins is lower than normal. A healthy blood pressure reading typically falls between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg. When readings drop below 90/60 mmHg, it may indicate hypotension.
There are different types of low blood pressure, such as orthostatic hypotension (a quick drop in blood pressure upon standing), postprandial hypotension (a sudden drop after eating), and neurally mediated hypotension (a drop after standing for a long period).
If you have low blood pressure, you may experience symptoms like dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, confusion, or fatigue. Fortunately, several treatment methods can help bring your blood pressure back to a normal range.
How to Manage Low Blood Pressure
You may not always need treatment for low blood pressure. Healthcare providers typically recommend treatment only when symptoms appear. Your specific treatment plan will depend on how low your blood pressure is and how severe your symptoms are. In most cases, managing medications and making lifestyle adjustments can be effective.
Managing Medications
Certain medications can cause your blood pressure to drop. These include drugs for high blood pressure, beta blockers, medications for Parkinson’s disease, some antidepressants, and medications for erectile dysfunction. Pain relievers and alcohol can also contribute to a drop in blood pressure.
Combining different medications can intensify the effect, especially when using both prescription and over-the-counter drugs. If you think your medications may be causing low blood pressure, consult your healthcare provider to review or adjust your treatment plan. Do not stop any medications without medical advice, as doing so may lead to new or worsening symptoms.
Drinking More Water
Not drinking enough water increases your risk of dehydration, which can lower your blood pressure. Dehydration occurs when fluid loss exceeds intake and can result from sweating, illness, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Tips to boost your hydration:
- Keep a water bottle nearby while working or studying
- Store extra water bottles in the fridge for convenience
- Add fruits like lemon or lime for flavor
- Set reminders to take hydration breaks
Checking for Vitamin Deficiencies
Deficiencies in key nutrients like vitamin B12 and folic acid can cause anemia, which contributes to low blood pressure. Vitamin B12 supports DNA production and nerve protection, while folic acid helps generate new cells.
Ask your healthcare provider for a blood test to detect deficiencies. Based on results, you may be advised to take supplements to restore balance and improve your blood pressure.
Adjusting Your Meals
Postprandial hypotension happens when your blood pressure drops within 30 minutes of eating. To manage this, consider eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day instead of three large ones.
Also, lowering your intake of carbohydrates such as bread, rice, and pasta may help. Focus on eating lean protein, eggs, vegetables, seafood, and nuts to support stable blood pressure levels.
Wearing Compression Stockings
Compression socks or stockings improve blood circulation in the legs and reduce swelling. By applying gentle pressure, they help blood flow toward the heart and prevent pooling in the lower body.
If swelling accompanies your hypotension, consider wearing breathable and supportive compression socks. These are available in different pressure levels and lengths. Your healthcare provider can guide you on the most suitable type and how long to wear them daily.
Living With and Managing Low Blood Pressure
If you have hypotension without symptoms, you may not require treatment. However, if symptoms are present or the cause is a medical condition, following your treatment plan is essential for symptom relief and a better quality of life.
When you feel dizzy or lightheaded, sit or lie down and elevate your feet above heart level. Seek immediate medical care if you experience any of the following:
- Black or tar-colored stools
- Chest pain
- Fever over 101°F (38.3°C)
- Trouble breathing
A Quick Review
Low blood pressure occurs when readings fall below the standard range, affecting blood flow to vital organs. Triggers can include standing too quickly, eating, or certain health conditions.
Fortunately, there are effective treatments to restore healthy blood pressure. These include reviewing medications, staying hydrated, using compression socks, adjusting your meals, and correcting vitamin deficiencies. Following a healthcare provider's recommendations can help manage symptoms and improve your overall well-being.
