Anyone who’s spent time around cats—or even watched a few viral videos—has likely seen a feline rolling, flipping, or going wild after getting a whiff of catnip. Whether it’s clinging to a catnip toy, drooling on a mat, or sprawling out in bliss, catnip can trigger dramatic reactions. But what is this plant exactly, and why does it affect some cats so strongly?

Let’s break down the biology of catnip, how it impacts different cats, and how to use it wisely.

Defining Catnip: More Than Just a Plant

Catnip, or Nepeta cataria, is a type of herb belonging to the mint family. Originally native to Europe and Asia, it’s now found in many parts of North America. The active compound in catnip is called nepetalactone, which is stored in the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant.

When the plant is damaged—chewed, crushed, or rubbed—it releases nepetalactone into the air. This chemical interacts with receptors in a cat’s nasal passages and can lead to a burst of behavioral changes.

How Catnip Affects Feline Behavior

Once inhaled, nepetalactone binds to olfactory receptors in the nose, sending signals to areas of the brain that influence emotion and behavior. Common reactions may include:

  • Licking or chewing

  • Rolling or rubbing against the item

  • Increased vocalization (purring or meowing)

  • A burst of playfulness or zooming around the room

Interestingly, when ingested rather than sniffed, catnip often has a more sedative effect, causing cats to become relaxed or sleepy. The exact reason for this difference isn’t fully understood but may relate to how the body processes the compound.

Not All Cats Respond to Catnip

Not every feline is a fan of catnip. The sensitivity to nepetalactone is inherited genetically. It’s estimated that between 50% and 70% of cats react to catnip, while others don’t show any interest.

Kittens under three months old and some older cats may not respond to it either. Typically, cats start reacting once they reach a few months of age and have developed certain sensory capabilities.

Can Cats Have Too Much Catnip?

Catnip is non-addictive and safe when used in moderation. However, overexposure can lead to minor issues such as:

  • Nausea or digestive upset

  • Temporary unsteadiness

  • Possible irritation or aggression in rare cases

To avoid overstimulation, it’s wise to limit catnip use to a couple of times per week and supervise your cat’s interaction. Most cats lose interest after 10 to 15 minutes and may need a cooldown period before responding again.

Kittens, Seniors, and Catnip Sensitivity

Young kittens generally don’t respond to catnip, likely due to underdeveloped sensory pathways. Reactions to catnip tend to become noticeable once a kitten is 3–6 months old.

In older cats, responses vary. Some senior cats may stop reacting, while others remain just as enthusiastic. This variation is natural and often comes down to the individual cat.

Using Catnip as Part of Daily Enrichment

Catnip can be a helpful tool to keep indoor cats entertained and mentally stimulated. Especially for more sedentary cats, it may encourage playful activity. Catnip is available in several forms:

  • Loose, dried catnip to sprinkle on surfaces

  • Catnip-infused toys and mats

  • Live plants grown indoors

  • Catnip sprays or oils

Despite its fun effects, catnip shouldn’t be the only source of engagement. Cats benefit from a variety of activities including wand toys, interactive feeders, climbing trees, and window perches.

Choosing the Best Catnip

The quality of catnip matters. Look for products that highlight the use of leaves and flowers, avoiding brands with excessive stems. Fresher, organic options often produce a stronger reaction.

Some cats may prefer toys stuffed with loose catnip, while others enjoy sprays or mats infused with the compound. You may need to experiment to find what your cat enjoys most.

What If Your Cat Doesn’t React? Try These Alternatives

If your cat is immune to catnip, don’t worry—there are other botanicals that might spark interest. Popular alternatives include:

  • Silvervine: A climbing vine from Asia, often even more potent than catnip

  • Valerian root: Has a stimulating effect on many cats, though its smell can be strong

  • Tatarian honeysuckle: Some cats are drawn to its wood or shavings

These alternatives are especially useful in homes with multiple cats where only some respond to traditional catnip.

When to Avoid Catnip

There are scenarios where skipping catnip might be wise. Avoid using it if your cat:

  • Becomes hostile after exposure

  • Is healing from surgery or illness and needs rest

  • Is showing anxiety, fear, or over-arousal from other sources

In these situations, introducing catnip might make things worse. Always pay attention to how your cat reacts and adjust accordingly.

Conclusion: Catnip Can Be a Great Tool—If Used Thoughtfully

Catnip is a natural and generally safe way to liven up your cat’s day, as long as it’s used responsibly. Some cats love the stimulating effects, while others become mellow. And for cats that don’t respond at all, there are still plenty of engaging enrichment options.

By understanding how catnip works and tailoring its use to your cat’s preferences, you can provide both joy and mental stimulation. Used in balance, it’s one of many fun ways to enhance your feline friend’s environment.