Lymphoma refers to a group of cancers that impact lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in your body’s immune defense. The two primary types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Approximately 10% of people diagnosed with lymphoma have Hodgkin lymphoma, while the majority are diagnosed with some form of NHL.

Swollen lymph nodes are the most common symptom, particularly in the neck, upper chest, underarms, abdomen, and groin. Other frequent symptoms include fever, night sweats, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss. Many lymphoma symptoms may be difficult to identify at first since they often resemble symptoms of more common illnesses or infections.

In early stages, lymphoma might not cause noticeable signs. Still, understanding the warning symptoms is essential for timely medical attention.

Common Symptoms

The type of symptoms experienced may vary depending on whether someone has Hodgkin lymphoma or NHL. Regardless of the type, most people present with swollen lymph nodes. These nodes typically feel like painless lumps beneath the skin and are usually found near the area where the cancer initially began.

additional signs include

  • Fever without an obvious infection

  • Unexpected weight loss

  • Persistent fatigue or low energy

  • Night sweats that soak clothing or bedding

Hodgkin lymphoma usually spreads in an orderly fashion from one group of lymph nodes to adjacent ones, while NHL may spread in a more unpredictable way throughout the lymphatic system.

Hodgkin Lymphoma Symptoms

Hodgkin lymphoma is considered one of the more treatable forms of cancer. Screening and early diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis.

early-stage signs may be minimal

In its early stages, Hodgkin lymphoma may not present noticeable symptoms. A painless swollen lymph node is often the first sign. As the disease progresses, more lumps may develop in other parts of the body. Some individuals may experience pain in swollen lymph nodes after drinking alcohol.

b symptoms in hodgkin lymphoma

  • Night sweats that leave you drenched

  • Losing 10% or more of body weight within six months unintentionally

  • Severe fatigue or constant exhaustion

other possible symptoms

  • Decreased appetite

  • Abdominal pain or swelling

  • Cough or breathing difficulty

  • Persistent itchiness

Depending on where lymphoma cells accumulate, symptoms can differ. For instance, lymphoma in the chest can press against the trachea, causing difficulty breathing, chest pressure, or a chronic cough.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Symptoms

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma encompasses a wide variety of lymphoma subtypes. The most prevalent is B-cell lymphoma, accounting for the vast majority of cases. Other subtypes include T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas. Often, symptoms may not appear until the cancer has already spread.

primary symptom is swollen lymph nodes

This swelling can occur in the neck, armpit, or groin. Less frequently, lymph nodes near the ears, elbows, or throat may be affected.

b symptoms in nhl

Night sweats, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss are commonly seen and can help doctors determine the stage of cancer.

additional general symptoms of b-cell nhl

  • Frequent or recurring infections

  • Easy bruising or unexplained bleeding

  • Abdominal swelling or discomfort

  • Feeling full quickly after eating

  • Shortness of breath

Although NHL generally starts in the lymph nodes, it may originate in other areas like the skin, bones, lungs, or digestive tract.

location-specific symptoms may include

  • abdomen: Nausea, vomiting, reduced appetite

  • chest: Chest pain, coughing

  • brain: Headache, confusion, seizures, changes in behavior

  • skin: Itchiness, redness, or raised skin lesions

Symptoms in Children

Lymphoma occurs more frequently in older individuals, but some types are seen in children and young adults. Hodgkin lymphoma is most often diagnosed in adolescents and young adults between 15 and 39 years old, and again in those over 75.

In children, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common. There are three main types that affect kids:

childhood nhl subtypes

  • Aggressive mature B-cell NHL

  • Lymphoblastic lymphoma

  • Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

common symptoms in children

  • Enlarged lymph nodes

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Wheezing or persistent coughing

  • Problems swallowing

  • Fever without obvious cause

  • Unintentional weight loss

  • Night sweats

  • Abdominal swelling or pain

When to See a Healthcare Provider

Lymphoma symptoms can often mimic less serious conditions such as viral or bacterial infections, making it difficult to know when to seek help. However, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider if you notice unusual swelling or lumps under the skin that don’t go away.

symptoms to discuss with your provider

  • Fever without signs of infection

  • Noticeable, unexplained weight loss

  • Persistent fatigue

  • Drenching night sweats

If lymphoma is suspected, your doctor may refer you to a hematologist-oncologist—a specialist in blood cancers. They will conduct a physical examination, order blood tests, and possibly imaging scans or biopsies for diagnosis.

Facing the possibility of cancer can be overwhelming, but seeking timely medical advice is crucial. An early diagnosis increases the chance of effective treatment and a more favorable outcome.