Leaky gut is a syndrome that compromises the intestinal barrier. While it is not officially recognized as a medical diagnosis, it is believed that this condition increases the permeability of the intestinal lining, allowing undigested food particles, toxins, or harmful microorganisms to pass from the gut into the bloodstream. This leakage may trigger inflammation that can affect various organs and systems.

Leaky gut often causes multiple gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bloating, constipation, and indigestion. However, it can also lead to other problems like skin conditions, mood swings, memory loss, depression, anxiety, or joint pain when inflammation spreads to other parts of the body.

People experiencing signs of leaky gut should see a healthcare provider for proper evaluation. If diagnosed, the provider will determine the underlying cause and suggest appropriate treatment options.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Damage and inflammation to the intestinal lining from leaky gut can cause various digestive issues, including:

  • abdominal pain – discomfort in the area between the chest and hips

  • diarrhea – loose, watery, and frequent bowel movements

  • bloating – a sensation of swelling, fullness, or tightness in the abdomen

  • nausea – uneasiness in the stomach that may or may not lead to vomiting

  • fatigue – extreme tiredness or lack of energy

  • weight loss – unexpected reduction in body weight

  • indigestion – discomfort due to difficulty digesting food

  • constipation – fewer than three bowel movements per week, often with dry, hard stools that are difficult to pass

Skin Symptoms

The skin and gut are closely connected. Changes in the intestinal barrier or microbiome can influence the development of skin conditions.

Increased intestinal permeability from leaky gut may lead to:

  • acne – clogged hair follicles causing pimples

  • eczema – dry, itchy, and scaly skin

  • psoriasis – thick, dry, and raised skin patches

  • rosacea – redness and rash, often on the nose and cheeks

Neurological Symptoms

Gut health can also affect brain function. Leaky gut may disrupt the blood-brain barrier, similar to how it makes the gut lining more permeable.

Possible neurological symptoms include:

  • mood swings – sudden changes in emotional state

  • anxiety – feelings of worry, fear, and uneasiness

  • depression – persistent sadness or loss of interest in activities

  • memory loss – difficulty recalling recent events

  • difficulty sleeping – trouble falling or staying asleep, or poor sleep quality

Leaky gut has also been linked to certain brain disorders such as schizophrenia, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder.

Musculoskeletal Symptoms

Leaky gut can impact joint health, causing joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation.

In some cases, it may contribute to fibromyalgia, a chronic condition marked by widespread body pain, muscle stiffness, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties.

Symptoms in Children

In children, leaky gut can lead to functional gastrointestinal disorders — conditions that cause ongoing or recurrent digestive symptoms without structural or biochemical changes. One common example is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Children may experience:

  • abdominal pain and discomfort

  • bloating

  • irregular bowel movements

  • anxiety

  • depression

These symptoms can impact school attendance, healthcare usage, and overall quality of life.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider

If you notice symptoms of leaky gut, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider without delay, as the condition can lead to complications such as mood disorders and immune system problems.

Your provider may ask about your symptoms and medical history, and recommend tests like blood work, stool analysis, gut biopsy, or endoscopy to help confirm the diagnosis and identify underlying causes.

A Quick Review

Leaky gut refers to increased intestinal permeability, leading to gastrointestinal issues such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and fatigue. It can also contribute to skin problems, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, memory loss, and joint pain.

Symptoms vary from person to person, so early evaluation by a healthcare provider is key. Lifestyle changes and prompt treatment can help reduce symptoms and improve overall well-being.