Appendicitis occurs when the appendix, a small tube-like pouch connected to the large intestine, becomes inflamed. When the appendix becomes blocked, swollen, or irritated, the primary symptom that arises is abdominal pain. The pain typically starts near the belly button and, over time, moves to the lower right abdomen. It worsens when you move, cough, or take a deep breath, which is a clear sign to seek medical care immediately.

In the United States, approximately 250,000 people are diagnosed with acute appendicitis every year. Although it can affect individuals at any age, it is most common in people between the ages of 10 and 30. Given the frequency of this condition, recognizing the symptoms can help ensure that you receive the necessary care if it develops.

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is often the first sign of appendicitis. Initially, the pain starts near the belly button and gradually shifts to the lower right side of the abdomen, where the appendix is located. The pain can begin as a dull ache and intensify, becoming sharper and more painful over the next few hours or days. Some people experience the pain suddenly, and it may only occur in the lower right abdomen. The pain typically worsens with movement, coughing, or deep breathing. Many describe the pain as unique compared to other types of abdominal pain.

Loss of Appetite

Loss of appetite is another common symptom of appendicitis. The inflammation of the appendix triggers the release of cytokines, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to inflammation. While cytokines play a crucial role in the body's immune response, they can also contribute to a decrease in appetite. In addition, the discomfort caused by appendicitis can make individuals feel too ill to eat.

Nausea and Vomiting

Many individuals with appendicitis experience nausea or the urge to vomit. This generally occurs shortly after abdominal pain begins. Nausea and vomiting episodes are usually mild and subside quickly. After the nausea passes, excruciating pain in the lower right abdomen typically follows.

Mild Fever

A mild fever, ranging from 100 to 101 degrees Fahrenheit, is often present in people with appendicitis. Along with the fever, chills may also occur. Initially, the fever tends to be mild and signifies the body's effort to fight the inflammation in the appendix. However, if left untreated, the fever may increase above 101 degrees Fahrenheit, especially if the appendix ruptures. Along with the fever, a faster heart rate and increased abdominal pain could signal a ruptured appendix.

Bowel Problems

The inflammation and swelling of the appendix can interfere with the normal functioning of the digestive system, leading to various bowel issues. Individuals may experience difficulty passing gas, a swollen stomach, constipation, diarrhea, or incomplete bowel movements. In cases where symptoms develop gradually, individuals may notice bloating, indigestion, or increased gas a few days before severe abdominal pain sets in.

Symptoms in Children

Appendicitis symptoms in children are similar to those in adults, though there are some differences. Common signs in children include:

abdominal pain

Children might feel pain throughout the entire abdomen rather than just the lower right side. The pain typically intensifies over time and worsens with movement, such as walking, coughing, or jumping.

behavior changes

Infants and young children, who are unable to express their symptoms, may become irritable. They may also appear lethargic and inactive as any form of movement exacerbates the pain.

loss of appetite

Children with appendicitis may refuse to eat or struggle to finish a meal once abdominal pain begins.

nausea and vomiting

Vomiting is a common symptom, especially in children aged three and younger.

bowel changes

Diarrhea is more commonly observed in children with appendicitis than in adults.

swelling

Children under the age of three often have a swollen stomach that accompanies abdominal pain.

When to See a Healthcare Provider

Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment. If you or your child show symptoms of appendicitis, seek immediate medical attention. Delaying treatment can lead to complications, including a ruptured appendix, which can result in a life-threatening infection. Other conditions, such as urinary tract infections or stomach viruses, may cause symptoms similar to appendicitis. Your healthcare provider will conduct a thorough examination to determine the cause of the symptoms and may order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to confirm the diagnosis and decide on the appropriate treatment.

Questions to Ask Your Provider

If you are seeking medical care, consider asking your healthcare provider the following questions:

  • Could my abdominal symptoms be a sign of another condition?

  • Can these symptoms resolve on their own?

  • Is it safe to exercise if I have appendicitis?

  • Are there any foods that can help alleviate appendicitis symptoms?

  • If I have appendicitis, will I need surgery?

A Quick Review

Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed. The primary symptoms include abdominal pain that starts around the belly button and moves to the lower right abdomen. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, a low-grade fever, and bowel changes, which can result in constipation or diarrhea.

Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. If you notice symptoms, don't delay in seeking medical care. Contact your healthcare provider, visit the emergency department, or call 911 immediately. Delaying diagnosis and treatment increases the risk of life-threatening complications.