An appendectomy, also known as appendix surgery, is the removal of the appendix, a small organ attached to the large intestine. Although the appendix's function remains unclear, it is believed to help in digestion and immune health. When the appendix becomes infected or inflamed, it can cause appendicitis, a condition that often requires surgical removal of the appendix.

Purpose

The primary purpose of an appendectomy is to remove the infected appendix caused by appendicitis. Appendicitis reduces blood flow to the appendix, leading to tissue death. In severe cases, the appendix can burst, releasing infection into the abdomen, which can be life-threatening.

Healthcare providers typically recommend appendectomy if you experience appendicitis symptoms such as:

  • Severe abdominal pain

  • Low-grade fever

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Loss of appetite

  • Diarrhea or constipation

  • Abdominal swelling

Types of Appendectomy

There are two main types of appendectomy procedures: open appendectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy. The choice of surgery depends on your symptoms, the severity of the condition, and your overall health.

  • Open Appendectomy: This method involves one large incision in the lower right abdomen to remove the appendix.

  • Laparoscopic Appendectomy: This procedure uses one to three small incisions, where a laparoscope (a tube with a camera and light) is inserted to view the abdomen and remove the appendix.

How It Works

Both open and laparoscopic appendectomies involve the removal of the appendix through abdominal incisions. You will be placed under general anesthesia to ensure you are asleep during the procedure.

Before the Surgery

Before an appendectomy, your healthcare provider will likely recommend tests such as blood counts, abdominal ultrasound or CT scans, pelvic exams, and urinalysis to assess your condition and determine whether surgery is appropriate.

Once cleared, your provider will schedule the surgery and give instructions on how to prepare. The procedure usually lasts about one hour.

On the day of surgery, you will fill out paperwork at the hospital, change into a gown, and lie on the surgical table. An IV line will be inserted for anesthesia, fluids, and medications.

During the Surgery

In an open appendectomy, a large incision (2-4 inches) is made in the lower right abdomen to remove the appendix. The area will be cleaned with sterile fluids, and a drainage tube may be inserted. Afterward, the incision is closed with stitches or bandages.

In a laparoscopic appendectomy, small cuts are made to insert a camera and surgical tools. Gas is used to inflate the abdomen, helping the surgeon view the appendix clearly. The appendix is then removed, and the incisions are closed with stitches or staples.

After the Surgery

After the surgery, your healthcare team will monitor your heart rate, oxygen levels, breathing, urine output, and blood pressure. Most patients can go home the following day, but if the appendix was ruptured, a longer hospital stay may be required.

Pain and discomfort are common for the first 24-48 hours but gradually lessen as you recover. Pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be recommended to ease symptoms. If you experience increased pain or other symptoms, it is crucial to inform your healthcare team.

Risks and Precautions

While appendectomy is generally safe, complications are possible. These include:

  • Wound infection: More common after laparoscopic surgery

  • Blood clots: Prolonged surgery time and bed rest can increase the risk

  • Intestinal obstruction: Swelling around the intestine may prevent stool and fluid flow

  • Heart complications: Anesthesia can trigger heart issues in rare cases

  • Abscess: A pus build-up may occur if the appendix inflammation was severe

How to Prepare for Appendectomy

Your healthcare provider will offer specific preparation instructions. Here are some general tips:

  • Wear loose, comfortable clothing and slip-on shoes

  • Leave valuables and jewelry at home

  • Avoid eating or drinking at least eight hours before surgery

  • Ask your surgeon if it’s okay to continue regular medications

  • Ensure you have someone to drive you home

Recovery

Full recovery typically takes a few weeks to a couple of months, depending on the type of appendectomy. Laparoscopic surgery generally leads to a quicker recovery. During recovery, your healthcare provider may suggest the following:

  • Drink at least eight glasses of water daily

  • Eat a high-fiber diet

  • Avoid lifting heavy objects or strenuous exercise for two weeks

  • Walk every hour to prevent blood clots

  • Wash your hands before and after touching your incision site

  • Wear loose clothing that doesn’t irritate the incision

A Quick Review

An appendectomy is the surgical removal of an infected appendix due to appendicitis. The surgery may be performed through an open incision or laparoscopically, depending on your condition. Most people recover quickly, but some risks, such as infection or blood clots, can occur. Following your healthcare provider’s pre- and post-surgery instructions will help ensure a smooth recovery and return to normal activities.