Understanding Depression in Men

While depression affects both men and women, the symptoms often appear differently. Men may be less likely to acknowledge feelings of sadness and more likely to express anger, frustration, or engage in risky or self-destructive behaviors. As a result, depression in men frequently goes undiagnosed and untreated.

This article explores how depression manifests in men—emotionally, behaviorally, and physically—and what to do if you or someone you care about may be affected.

How Common Is Depression in Men?

Depression is a common mood disorder that impacts how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. The American Psychological Association reports that around 9% of men in the U.S. experience feelings of depression or anxiety every day, and more than 30% will go through a depressive episode during their lifetime.

Despite this, depression is underdiagnosed in men. Although women are more frequently diagnosed, men are four times more likely to die by suicide, suggesting that many cases of depression in men are not identified or treated.

General Symptoms of Depression

Many symptoms of depression overlap between men and women, including:

  • Persistent sadness or emptiness

  • Loss of interest in enjoyable activities

  • Changes in appetite or weight

  • Trouble sleeping or oversleeping

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Fatigue or low energy

  • Feelings of guilt or worthlessness

However, depression in men may also appear in less expected ways.

Behavioral Signs of Depression in Men

Men with depression may act out or withdraw from their usual routines. Behavioral symptoms can include:

  • Increased use of alcohol or drugs

  • Avoiding friends, family, or social gatherings

  • Working excessively or becoming obsessed with productivity

  • Neglecting responsibilities at work or home

  • Becoming controlling or irritable in relationships

  • Taking part in high-risk behaviors (e.g., reckless driving, gambling, unsafe sex)

  • Suicidal thoughts or attempts

These behaviors may reflect attempts to hide emotional distress or conform to societal expectations of masculinity.

Emotional Signs in Men

Rather than showing sadness, men may express emotional pain in the form of:

  • Anger or aggression

  • Frustration

  • Irritability

  • Lack of emotional expression

These responses may stem from cultural or personal beliefs about how men are "supposed" to manage emotions. In some cases, emotional numbness or a flat mood may also be present.

Physical Symptoms in Men

Though depression is a mental health disorder, it often presents physically as well. Men may experience:

  • Headaches

  • Digestive problems

  • Muscle aches and joint pain

  • Chest tightness

  • Changes in sleep patterns

  • Unintended weight loss or gain

  • Restlessness or feeling agitated

These physical symptoms may lead men to seek medical attention, but without linking them to emotional or mental health issues.

Why Depression in Men Often Goes Undiagnosed

Many men may avoid discussing emotional concerns or may not recognize the symptoms of depression. Instead, they might report physical issues such as fatigue, insomnia, or pain. Doctors may overlook depression if emotional symptoms are not mentioned.

In addition, society often discourages men from expressing vulnerability, which may prevent them from seeking help. As a result, signs of depression may be misinterpreted as personality traits rather than symptoms of a mental health condition.

When to See a Doctor

Anyone experiencing emotional, behavioral, or physical changes that interfere with daily life should consult a healthcare provider. Left untreated, depression can worsen and become life-threatening, particularly because it significantly increases the risk of suicide.

Treatment Options

Depression is treatable. A doctor may recommend:

  • Prescription medications such as antidepressants

  • Talk therapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

  • A combination of medication and therapy

Treatment plans are personalized, and it may take time to find what works best.

Coping Strategies for Men with Depression

In addition to professional treatment, several strategies can help manage depression:

  • Regular physical activity

  • Maintaining a consistent daily routine

  • Setting small, achievable goals

  • Practicing mindfulness, meditation, or yoga

  • Talking openly with trusted friends or family members

  • Avoiding alcohol or other substances

Lifestyle changes may not replace clinical treatment but can significantly support recovery.

Supporting a Man with Depression

If someone close to you is showing signs of depression:

  • Start a nonjudgmental conversation and ask how they’re feeling

  • Encourage them to talk to a doctor or mental health professional

  • Offer to go with them to the appointment if they’re uncomfortable

  • Be patient and understanding, even if their behavior is difficult

  • Consider relationship or family counseling if communication is strained

Getting Help

If you or someone you know is in immediate danger due to suicidal thoughts, seek help right away:

  • Call or text the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988 (in the U.S.)

  • Visit the emergency room or call local emergency services

  • Contact a mental health provider or helpline in your country

If the situation isn’t urgent but symptoms persist, schedule a medical evaluation. Early treatment can prevent serious outcomes and promote recovery.

Outlook

Depression in men often looks different than in women and may include irritability, risky behavior, and substance use instead of sadness or crying. Awareness of these differences is critical for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

With the right help, men with depression can manage their condition and return to living a healthy, fulfilling life.