The common cold is a widespread upper respiratory infection caused by viruses—over 200 of them, in fact. Although generally mild, it can bring a series of uncomfortable symptoms that typically develop slowly and last anywhere from a few days to two weeks.

On average, adults deal with two to three colds each year, while children, especially those in school or daycare, may experience up to 10 colds annually.

Sore Throat

A scratchy or painful throat is often the first sign of a cold. As the virus infects the throat lining, it leads to inflammation, which causes discomfort, especially when swallowing.

Nasal Congestion and Runny Nose

Shortly after a sore throat begins, you may notice a runny or blocked nose, along with sneezing and post-nasal drip—mucus draining down the back of your throat. This happens as your body tries to flush the virus out.

Symptoms usually peak within two to three days, and during that time, nasal discharge may be clear. As the body continues to fight off the virus, the mucus might thicken and change color to white, yellow, or green.

Coughing

Coughing is another common symptom and can linger even after other symptoms fade. While most people recover within a week, a cold-related cough may last up to three weeks, especially if there’s persistent throat irritation or post-nasal drip.

General Discomfort and Fatigue

People with a cold often feel tired or generally unwell, but symptoms tend to be milder and more gradual than with the flu. You might feel a lack of energy, but not to the point of being completely bedridden.

Less Common Symptoms

Although not always present, some individuals may also experience:

  • Mild body aches

  • Chills

  • Decreased appetite

  • Watery or irritated eyes

  • Weakness or low stamina

These symptoms can resemble those caused by other viral infections or even seasonal allergies, making diagnosis a bit tricky without a healthcare evaluation.

Rare Symptoms

Though uncommon, a fever or headache can occur during a cold. These symptoms are more closely associated with illnesses like the flu or COVID-19, so it’s important to take note of the full symptom picture and consult a provider if needed.

Symptoms in Children

Children are more susceptible to colds and may show additional signs such as:

  • Irritability or fussiness

  • Difficulty eating due to throat pain

  • Fever

  • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

  • Trouble sleeping

A runny nose is particularly common in children with a cold, and disrupted sleep is often more noticeable in kids than adults.

When to Seek Medical Help

While most healthy individuals can manage a cold at home, you should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

  • High or persistent fever (lasting more than 4 days)

  • Signs of dehydration

  • Symptoms that initially improve but then return or worsen

  • Symptoms lasting beyond 10 days without improvement

  • Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing

High-risk individuals—such as young children, older adults, and people with chronic illnesses—should be especially cautious when cold symptoms arise.

Summary

Common cold symptoms typically include sore throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, and cough. Less frequent issues may involve chills, aches, or fatigue, while fever and headache are rare. Children may show similar signs but are more likely to be irritable, experience fever, or have trouble eating and sleeping.

Although colds are usually mild and self-limiting, it’s important to monitor your symptoms. If they linger, worsen, or seem unusual, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional.