Hyperhidrosis is the medical term for excessive sweating—more than what is needed for body temperature regulation. This condition can develop during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. For many people, it runs in the family and becomes a part of their everyday lives. Others may begin experiencing excess sweat as a side effect of medication or due to underlying medical conditions such as diabetes.

Although not life-threatening, hyperhidrosis can significantly impact both physical comfort and emotional well-being. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help people with hyperhidrosis manage the condition and improve their quality of life.

Types Of Hyperhidrosis

Hyperhidrosis is generally classified into two types: primary and secondary.

primary focal hyperhidrosis
This type refers to excessive sweating without an identifiable medical cause. It typically affects specific areas of the body such as:

  • Armpits

  • Palms of the hands

  • Soles of the feet

  • Face and scalp

Primary hyperhidrosis often begins in childhood or around puberty. It tends to run in families, indicating a potential genetic component.

secondary hyperhidrosis
Secondary hyperhidrosis results from an underlying medical condition or the use of certain medications. This type often causes generalized (full-body) sweating rather than isolated patches. People with secondary hyperhidrosis may also experience excessive sweating during sleep.

Symptoms Of Hyperhidrosis

Excessive sweating is the main symptom of hyperhidrosis. For many, it appears symmetrically—both palms or both feet sweat excessively at the same time. Others may experience widespread sweating throughout the body.

common signs include:

  • Leaving damp footprints or handprints

  • Constantly wiping sweat from the underarms or body

  • Changing clothes multiple times per day due to sweating

  • Sweating even when inactive or in cool environments

  • Avoiding physical contact or tasks due to wet hands

Sweat can also lead to skin issues, such as:

  • Flushing or heat rash

  • Skin peeling or chafing

  • Fungal infections like athlete’s foot due to moist environments

Causes Of Hyperhidrosis

Hyperhidrosis is caused by overactive eccrine sweat glands that over-respond to stimuli such as heat, emotions, or physical activity. In many cases, the exact reason for this response is unknown.

possible contributing factors include:

  • genetics: Primary hyperhidrosis often runs in families

  • medications: Antidepressants, antibiotics, insulin, opioids, and ADHD drugs can increase sweating

  • health conditions: Hyperthyroidism, menopause, diabetes, infections, and some cancers may trigger sweating

How Hyperhidrosis Is Diagnosed

If you suspect you have hyperhidrosis, talk to a healthcare provider—usually a dermatologist. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a detailed review of your medical history and symptoms.

key diagnostic steps include:

  • Discussion of when and where the sweating began

  • Identification of any medications or medical conditions

  • Evaluation of how sweating affects your daily activities

If an underlying condition is suspected, your provider may order additional testing.

diagnostic tools may include:

  • Blood tests to detect thyroid or glucose issues

  • Imaging tests to rule out tumors or neurological causes

  • Paper tests using absorbent paper to measure sweat production

  • Starch-iodine test to highlight areas of excessive sweating with color change

Treatment Options For Hyperhidrosis

Treatment for hyperhidrosis varies depending on whether it's primary or secondary. Managing an underlying condition or switching medications may help in secondary cases. For primary hyperhidrosis, dermatologists may recommend a combination of at-home and clinical treatments.

At-Home Treatments

antiperspirants
Clinical-strength or prescription antiperspirants work by plugging sweat ducts. They can be applied to various areas including underarms, feet, and hands. Apply at night for best results and wash off in the morning.

iontophoresis
This device delivers a mild electric current through water to the hands or feet, temporarily stopping sweat gland activity. While commonly performed in clinics, home-use devices are also available.

prescription wipes
Qbrexza is a medicated wipe that uses glycopyrronium tosylate to reduce underarm sweating. Side effects can include redness, stinging, or burning where applied.

Medications

oral medications
Anticholinergics like oxybutynin or glycopyrrolate can block the signals that stimulate sweat glands. However, they may cause side effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, or constipation, making them unsuitable for some people.

Surgical Procedures

sweat gland removal
Surgical options such as underarm liposuction, curettage (scraping), or excision (cutting) can physically remove sweat glands.

endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS)
ETS involves cutting nerves that trigger sweat production. It’s typically used for severe hand sweating but is less effective for underarms. One downside is compensatory sweating—increased sweating in other body areas after surgery.

Other Therapies

botox injections
Botulinum toxin injections can block the nerves that activate sweat glands. Results last several months, and repeat treatments are common. A potential side effect is temporary muscle weakness in the treated area.

Prevention And Lifestyle Tips

Primary hyperhidrosis cannot be prevented, but symptoms can be reduced with the right strategies. If your sweating is secondary, managing the underlying condition or adjusting medications may help.

ways to reduce symptoms:

  • Avoid spicy foods, alcohol, or caffeine

  • Wear loose, breathable clothing

  • Apply antiperspirants to high-sweat areas before bed

  • Reduce stress through relaxation techniques or exercise

  • Keep spare clothes and dress shields handy

  • Let shoes dry between uses and rotate pairs

Complications Of Hyperhidrosis

While not dangerous, hyperhidrosis can affect emotional, physical, and social well-being.

possible complications include:

  • Emotional stress and anxiety

  • Social embarrassment

  • Impaired work or academic performance

  • Increased risk of skin infections

Living With Hyperhidrosis

Managing life with hyperhidrosis can be challenging, but you're not alone. From carrying extra supplies to avoiding public outings, many people adapt their routines to cope with symptoms. Fortunately, with the right combination of care, lifestyle changes, and possibly medical treatment, most people can regain control and confidence.

daily management tips:

  • Use antibacterial soap during showers

  • Dry off thoroughly after bathing

  • Keep a towel or wipes with you

  • Wear moisture-wicking clothing made from natural fibers

  • Use armpit pads or dress shields

  • Practice stress-reducing techniques like deep breathing or meditation