Eczema is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes dry, scaly, irritated, and itchy skin. The affected areas may change color and become thickened or hardened over time.

Although there is no permanent cure for eczema, people often experience periods of flare-ups, when symptoms worsen, and remissions, when the skin calms down. During flare-ups, the rash can spread to previously unaffected areas.

Can eczema spread to other parts of your body?

Eczema can indeed spread to other areas of the body. For instance, during an atopic dermatitis flare-up, affected patches may grow in size or develop on parts of the skin that were not previously involved. During this time, the skin becomes more fragile and reactive.

Scratching or irritating the skin, or exposing it to allergens and harsh substances, can cause the existing patches to worsen and spread further.

What causes eczema to spread?

Many factors can trigger eczema flare-ups and contribute to the spread of the condition. These factors can differ widely between individuals.

itching and irritation
Eczema is often associated with intense itchiness and high skin sensitivity. Scratching the affected skin can lead to inflammation, as it triggers the release of cytokines—proteins that activate the immune system.

As scratching continues, the irritated area may enlarge. It can also break the skin, leading to bleeding, sores, and crusting, which increases the risk of secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses.

environmental triggers
Eczema compromises the skin barrier, making it more vulnerable to outside irritants. Various environmental elements can act as triggers and lead to the spread of symptoms. These may include:

  • Dry or cold climates

  • Skin care products like soaps, lotions, or makeup

  • Certain fabrics such as wool or synthetics

  • Allergens like dust mites, pet dander, or foods such as milk and peanuts

  • Air pollutants and cigarette smoke

  • Skin injury or infection

stress
Psychological stress is another key eczema trigger. Stressful emotions, anxiety, and even depression can worsen symptoms and lead to more severe outbreaks.

The body produces inflammatory proteins during times of stress, which may further inflame the skin and contribute to the spread of eczema.

Can you spread eczema to other people?

Eczema is not contagious. It’s not caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi that can be transmitted through physical contact. Even during a flare-up, touching someone’s rash will not cause eczema to spread to another person.

While eczema cannot be passed from one person to another, genetics play a significant role in developing the condition. People with a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies are more likely to develop eczema themselves. If one parent has eczema, the risk for the child increases significantly—and even more so if both parents are affected.

Management and prevention

Since there is no cure, the focus of eczema care is on preventing flare-ups and managing symptoms. A combination of lifestyle changes, skin care routines, and medical treatment can help reduce the spread and impact of eczema.

Avoid triggers

Identifying and avoiding known triggers is one of the most important steps in managing eczema. This may involve minimizing exposure to:

  • Tobacco smoke and air pollutants

  • Soaps, perfumes, and beauty products with irritants

  • Common food allergens like peanuts, eggs, or dairy

  • Clothing made from tight, rough, or synthetic fabrics

  • Cleaning products or harsh household chemicals

Bathe correctly

Daily bathing can help with eczema when done properly. Use lukewarm water (never hot), and limit baths or showers to once per day. Choose mild, unscented soap and avoid scrubbing the skin.

After bathing, gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel and apply a moisturizer while the skin is still damp to lock in hydration. In some cases, adding a small amount of bleach to the bath may help reduce infection risk and control flare-ups.

Use the right products

Moisturizers are essential in preventing eczema from worsening. Ointments with high oil content—such as petroleum jelly or mineral oil—are often most effective. Creams can also help, but lotions may be too light for severely dry skin.

Avoid using products that contain fragrances, dyes, preservatives, or alcohol, as they may irritate the skin or trigger a flare.

Manage stress

Emotional stress can worsen eczema symptoms, so finding ways to cope is key to long-term management. Strategies include:

  • Practicing relaxation techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, or meditation

  • Seeking emotional support from family, friends, or support groups

  • Speaking with a healthcare provider or counselor if anxiety or depression is present

Control your climate

Your physical environment has a strong effect on eczema. Extreme temperatures, sudden weather changes, or dry air can all aggravate symptoms.

To regulate your surroundings, consider using a humidifier during dry seasons, or a dehumidifier if moisture is a trigger. Keep indoor temperatures stable and avoid overheating or sudden cold drafts.

Take medications and use therapies

Medications can provide relief and help control eczema flare-ups. These may include:

  • Over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams

  • Oral antihistamines to control itching

  • Prescription-strength topical corticosteroids or oral medications

  • Biologic drugs, administered by injection, for moderate to severe eczema

  • Phototherapy, where the skin is exposed to controlled ultraviolet light

Use medications as prescribed, and stay consistent with treatments to prevent future flare-ups and spreading.

When to contact a healthcare provider

Reach out to a medical provider if your eczema spreads to new areas, worsens despite treatment, or begins to affect your quality of life.

Seek help immediately if you notice signs of infection, such as:

  • Sores that don’t heal

  • Pus or discharge from the skin

  • Redness, warmth, and swelling

  • Fever or pain in affected areas

Prompt treatment can prevent serious complications and help you regain control over your symptoms.

A quick review

Eczema is a non-contagious skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. While it cannot spread from person to person, it can appear on multiple areas of the body over time—especially during flare-ups.

Various factors such as allergens, environmental irritants, stress, or scratching can trigger symptoms or cause eczema to spread. With the right care—including skincare, lifestyle adjustments, and medical treatment—you can manage flare-ups and prevent the condition from affecting new areas of your body.