Shingles is caused by the same virus responsible for chickenpox: the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in the body and can reactivate years later as shingles. This condition typically results in a painful rash and other flu-like symptoms.

You can develop shingles on different parts of the body—including the torso, buttocks, or face. The illness often lasts between three and five weeks, and symptoms may evolve over time. Here are the three most common signs to look out for:

1. Painful Skin Rash

The most well-known symptom of shingles is a painful rash. This rash usually begins with discomfort in a specific area, which later turns into a red or dark-colored patch that may itch, burn, or tingle.

Often Appears on One Side

Unlike chickenpox, which spreads across the entire body, shingles tends to affect a localized area. It usually follows the path of a single nerve and appears in a band-like pattern on one side of the body. The torso is a common site, though the rash can also affect the arms, face, or lower back. In people with weakened immune systems, it may spread more widely.

Rash Progresses to Blisters

Initially, small bumps appear on the skin. These bumps may look red on lighter skin or brown, pink, gray, or purple on darker skin tones. Within a couple of days, these bumps develop into fluid-filled blisters (vesicles), which may cluster together or remain spread apart.

Blisters Burst and Scab

After a short time, the blisters will rupture and begin to ooze. The fluid then dries, forming scabs. This scabbing process typically takes about 7 to 10 days, and full healing may take two to four weeks.

2. Skin Sensitivity

Shingles may cause increased skin sensitivity in the area where the rash will eventually develop. This sensation can begin several days before the rash appears and can feel like:

  • Burning or tingling
  • Sharp or shooting pain
  • Numbness or stinging
  • General discomfort in the affected area

The discomfort may vary from mild to severe and often signals that a shingles outbreak is about to occur.

3. Flu-Like Symptoms

Some individuals experience symptoms that resemble a viral infection before the rash becomes visible. These symptoms generally subside as the rash appears and include:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Light sensitivity
  • Upset stomach or nausea

These symptoms can make it easy to mistake shingles for the flu in its early stages, especially before any visible skin signs develop.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider

Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce discomfort and lower the risk of complications. It’s recommended to see a healthcare provider within 72 hours of noticing a rash or other symptoms.

Seek immediate medical attention if:

  • The rash appears near the eye, as it can lead to serious complications, including vision loss.
  • You have a weakened immune system, which increases the risk of severe infection and hospitalization
  • You are over age 60, as older adults are more likely to develop long-term nerve pain (postherpetic neuralgia).

During your visit, the provider will likely ask about your chickenpox history and assess your rash. In most cases, the diagnosis is based on symptoms and visual examination, but a fluid swab or blood test may be done to confirm the virus.

Summary

Shingles is a viral infection marked by a painful blistering rash, often accompanied by skin sensitivity and flu-like symptoms. Recognizing these early signs can help ensure timely medical care and a faster recovery.

If you believe you may have shingles, consult a healthcare provider as soon as possible for appropriate treatment and support.