A yeast infection occurs when a type of fungus—typically Candida—grows excessively in areas like the skin, mouth, genitals, or internal organs. Depending on the location, symptoms may include irritation, itching, discomfort, or white patches.

Most yeast infections can be treated effectively with antifungal medications. These may be available as creams, suppositories, tablets, or liquids—either over the counter (OTC) or by prescription. Treatment helps reduce the fungal growth and relieve the associated discomfort.

Confirming the Diagnosis First

Before using medication, it’s essential to confirm that your symptoms are truly due to a yeast infection. Your healthcare provider can conduct an exam and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment by Infection Type Vaginal Yeast Infections

These occur when the natural yeast in the vaginal area becomes imbalanced and begins to overgrow. Antifungal treatments commonly include:

  • Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Tioconazole (OTC creams or vaginal suppositories)
  • Terconazole, Butoconazole (prescription topical medications)
  • Fluconazole (prescription oral pill)

Topical treatments are available in one-, three-, or seven-day regimens. Oral fluconazole is often used for more severe or recurring infections. However, it may interact with other medications and isn't suitable for use during pregnancy in high doses.

For recurring infections, boric acid suppositories (used under medical supervision) may help when combined with antifungal therapy.

Skin Yeast Infections

Common in warm, moist areas like skin folds or the groin, these infections are often managed by:

  • Keeping the affected area dry and clean
  • Applying antifungal creams such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or ketoconazole

In severe or persistent cases, oral antifungals like fluconazole or itraconazole may be prescribed.

For chronic infections in the genital area (such as the penis), hygiene practices like washing under the foreskin daily can help. If structural concerns like a tight foreskin contribute to recurrence, your provider may suggest further evaluation or treatment.

Oral Thrush

Oral thrush involves yeast overgrowth in the mouth or throat. Treatment often includes:

  • Nystatin (liquid or tablet)
  • Miconazole oral gel
  • Fluconazole (oral tablet for more severe cases)

Topical medications are usually applied multiple times daily for 1–2 weeks. Side effects may include gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions in rare cases.

Yeast-Related Diaper Rash

Infants can develop yeast infections in the diaper area, presenting as red or scaly patches. Treatment typically involves:

  • Frequent diaper changes and skin cleaning
  • Application of antifungal creams like nystatin, clotrimazole, or ketoconazole

If symptoms persist beyond three days, a stronger medication or short-term use of a mild steroid ointment may be recommended.

Esophageal Candidiasis

This more serious form affects the esophagus and is usually seen in individuals with weakened immune systems. It requires oral or intravenous antifungal medications such as:

  • Fluconazole (oral or IV)
  • Itraconazole, voriconazole, or micafungin (depending on severity)

Treatment duration is typically 2–3 weeks. Intravenous options may be used if swallowing pills is difficult or if the infection is particularly severe.

Invasive Candidiasis

In this rare but serious condition, Candida spreads into the bloodstream or organs. Those at greatest risk include hospitalized patients and people with compromised immunity.

IV antifungals are the standard of care, such as:

  • Echinocandins (e.g., caspofungin, micafungin)
  • Fluconazole
  • Amphotericin B (used only in severe, drug-resistant cases due to its potential kidney toxicity)

Treatment may last from two weeks to several months, depending on how far the infection has spread and how well the patient responds.

Managing and Preventing Recurrences

Though uncomfortable, most yeast infections are treatable and don’t pose long-term health risks when managed properly. However, some individuals—particularly women—may experience recurrent infections. Contributing factors can include:

  • Underlying medical conditions like diabetes or HIV
  • Antibiotic use
  • Hormonal changes
  • Resistant Candida strains

Prevention strategies include maintaining good hygiene, changing out of wet clothing promptly, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, and possibly adjusting birth control methods.

Final Thoughts

Treatment for yeast infections depends on the site and severity of the infection. Most mild cases respond well to topical or oral antifungals, while severe or systemic infections require professional treatment and careful monitoring. If your symptoms persist or return frequently, consult a healthcare provider for tailored guidance and possible alternative therapies.