Understanding DVT Risk

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. If left untreated, the clot can break off and travel to the lungs, leading to a life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT affects hundreds of thousands of people annually, but not everyone is at equal risk. Understanding who is most susceptible to DVT can help in taking proactive steps toward prevention.

Older adults

Age is one of the most significant risk factors for DVT. As people get older, their blood flow slows and the risk of clotting increases. Individuals over the age of 60 are especially vulnerable. Aging also often comes with reduced mobility, underlying chronic illnesses, and other factors that further elevate DVT risk.

Hospitalized and immobile patients

Extended bed rest or immobility due to hospitalization, especially after surgery, puts individuals at high risk for DVT. Lying still for long periods slows blood circulation in the legs, increasing the chance of clot formation. This is why hospitals often use compression devices or administer anticoagulants to these patients.

Surgical patients

Major surgeries, particularly those involving the lower limbs, pelvis, or abdomen, significantly increase the risk of DVT. Orthopedic procedures like hip or knee replacements are particularly high-risk. The body responds to surgery by increasing clotting mechanisms to reduce bleeding, which can unfortunately also result in harmful clots.

Cancer patients

People undergoing treatment for cancer are at heightened risk of developing blood clots. Cancer itself can cause blood to clot more easily, and some treatments—such as chemotherapy—further elevate this risk. Additionally, tumors may compress blood vessels, slowing circulation and promoting clotting.

Pregnant women

Pregnancy increases blood volume and changes hormone levels, both of which contribute to a higher risk of clotting. As the uterus grows, it can also press against veins in the pelvis, slowing blood return from the legs. The risk continues into the postpartum period, especially after a C-section.

Women on hormonal therapy

Women taking birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are more prone to developing DVT due to estrogen’s effect on clotting factors. While the risk is generally low for healthy women, it increases significantly in those who smoke or have other underlying conditions.

Smokers

Smoking damages blood vessels and impairs circulation, increasing the likelihood of clot formation. It also alters the balance of clotting factors in the blood. When combined with other risk factors like age or hormone therapy, smoking dramatically raises the chances of developing DVT.

Obese individuals

Excess weight puts additional pressure on veins in the pelvis and legs, which can impede blood flow. Obesity is also often associated with a sedentary lifestyle and conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, which are known contributors to DVT risk.

People with a family history

A genetic predisposition to clotting disorders can significantly increase your risk for DVT. Conditions like Factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene mutation make it easier for blood to clot. If close family members have had DVT, it’s important to discuss this with your doctor.

Travelers on long journeys

Extended travel—especially flights or drives lasting more than four hours—can lead to "economy class syndrome," where prolonged sitting slows circulation in the legs. Dehydration and cramped seating further increase clot risk.

People with chronic illnesses

Chronic diseases such as heart failure, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and kidney disorders are linked with increased DVT risk. These conditions often affect blood flow or contribute to systemic inflammation, both of which encourage clot formation.

Those with previous DVT

If you’ve had a DVT before, your risk of recurrence is significantly higher. Ongoing treatment, lifestyle changes, and possibly long-term anticoagulation therapy may be necessary to prevent future clots.

Diagnosing DVT early

Identifying people in high-risk groups is critical for early detection and treatment. Signs of DVT include leg swelling, warmth, pain, and redness. If you experience any of these symptoms—especially if you belong to a high-risk group—seek medical attention immediately.

Preventive measures

Preventing DVT involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical interventions, and awareness. These may include:

  • Moving frequently during long trips

  • Wearing compression stockings

  • Staying hydrated

  • Quitting smoking

  • Managing chronic conditions effectively

  • Taking prescribed anticoagulants when needed

Conclusion

DVT can affect anyone, but some people face significantly higher risks. Recognizing these groups allows for timely preventive strategies and prompt treatment, potentially saving lives. Whether you’re a frequent traveler, recovering from surgery, or have a family history of clots, understanding your personal risk is the first step in protecting your health.