A tourniquet is a tight band device used on an arm or leg to stop severe bleeding in emergencies. While first responders and medical professionals are trained to use them, anyone can learn this simple yet life-saving skill.

Types Of Tourniquets

There are two main types of tourniquets: commercially-made medical devices and improvised tourniquets.

Commercial Tourniquets

Commercial tourniquets are specifically designed for medical use. Devices like the Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) use a windlass (a small rod) and self-adhering band for quick application in the field.
Experts recommend using a commercial tourniquet whenever possible for safety and effectiveness.

Improvised Tourniquets

Improvised tourniquets are made from materials available during an emergency, such as a strip of fabric and a sturdy stick to act as the windlass.
Although not as reliable as commercial ones, studies show improvised tourniquets can still save lives when no medical device is available.

How To Apply A Tourniquet

Knowing how to use a tourniquet properly can prevent fatal blood loss. Once you’ve called 911, follow these steps:

  1. Locate the source of bleeding and apply firm, direct pressure with a clean cloth. If it doesn’t stop after several minutes, prepare to apply a tourniquet.

  2. Wrap a 2–4 inch wide band slightly above the injury (closer to the torso), avoiding joints. Tie a tight square knot, leaving ends loose.

  3. Insert a stick or rod over the knot and tie another square knot to create the windlass.

  4. Twist the windlass until bleeding stops or slows, then secure it. Do not loosen or remove the tourniquet once applied.

  5. Write down the time of application so emergency responders know how long it has been in place.

Tourniquets should only be removed by trained medical personnel.

When To Use A Tourniquet

Use a tourniquet as a last resort when direct pressure or elevation doesn’t control bleeding. It’s vital for severe injuries involving the arms or legs, such as:

  • Major blunt force trauma

  • Gunshot wounds

  • Deep lacerations or cuts

  • Severe fractures or crushed limbs

Tourniquets are for limb injuries only—never use them for wounds on the head, neck, or torso.

When Not To Use A Tourniquet

Avoid using a tourniquet if:

  • The bleeding can be controlled by other means

  • The bleeding is not severe

  • The injury is not on a limb

  • The wound is too close to the body to place a tourniquet above it

Safety And Precautions

Tourniquets restrict blood flow to save lives—but improper use can cause harm. Misuse may lead to nerve damage, tissue death, or even loss of the limb.

Keep these safety tips in mind:

  • Act quickly: Apply the tourniquet immediately if needed to prevent shock.

  • Make it tight: A loose tourniquet won’t stop blood flow.

  • Do not loosen it: Only trained professionals should remove it.

  • Monitor time: Try not to leave it in place for more than two hours unless directed by medical responders.

To be better prepared, consider taking an emergency first aid course through your local hospital or organizations like the American Heart Association (AHA) or American Red Cross.

A Quick Review

A tourniquet is a simple yet powerful device that can stop life-threatening bleeding in emergencies. While commercial models are preferred, improvised versions can be effective when used correctly. Always act fast, apply firmly, and seek medical help immediately after use.