The terms “psychopath” and “sociopath” are often used interchangeably in everyday conversations, but neither term is officially recognized as a mental health diagnosis today. Instead, both are outdated labels that describe traits commonly seen in people with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).

These terms are frequently used to refer to individuals who lack empathy, disregard laws and rules, violate the rights of others, exhibit violent behaviors, and show no remorse for their actions. While they are not formally used in clinical settings, the behaviors they describe align with those outlined under ASPD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)—a mental health professional’s guide for diagnosing conditions.

Some experts have considered psychopathy a more severe form of ASPD, particularly associated with a higher risk of violence. However, this is not an officially defined diagnosis in modern psychiatry.

What Is Sociopathy?

Sociopathy is an informal and outdated term that is not used as a clinical diagnosis. Despite this, it remains popular in media and online discussions, typically describing people who seem emotionally detached, lack empathy, and show no remorse for their actions.

The term "sociopath" gained popularity in the 1930s, possibly to distinguish it from "psychopathy" and avoid confusion with conditions like psychosis. Historically, sociopaths were thought to be indifferent to their actions, showing no signs of anxiety, guilt, or a desire to change.

Today, when people refer to "sociopaths," they are often unknowingly describing behaviors that fall under the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).

What Is Psychopathy?

Like sociopathy, psychopathy is not recognized as an official mental health condition. Though it carries significant cultural and emotional weight, it is not listed in the DSM-5.

The word originated in the late 1800s and was derived from a term meaning “suffering soul.” It was used to describe people who lacked empathy, guilt, and emotional depth. Over time, many of the traits associated with psychopathy—such as coldness, manipulation, and lack of remorse—were incorporated into the broader criteria of ASPD.

Mental health professionals are moving away from the term "psychopath" because it is highly stigmatizing and unhelpful when trying to diagnose or treat individuals with ASPD. Avoiding the label may also promote a more compassionate and clinical approach to treatment.

ASPD Behaviors and Symptoms

Although "psychopathy" and "sociopathy" are no longer clinically relevant, they both refer to behaviors that are now understood to be symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. Common traits and behaviors of ASPD include:

  • Superficial charm and wit

  • Anger and irritability

  • Consistent violation of social norms

  • Disregard for the rights or safety of others

  • Chronic irresponsibility

  • Deceitfulness and manipulation

  • Lack of remorse or guilt

  • Impulsive or reckless behavior

  • Substance misuse

  • Difficulty maintaining employment

  • Antisocial tendencies, such as aggression or law-breaking

These traits often emerge early in life. Children with a tendency toward ASPD may show signs as young as age 8, including behaviors like cruelty to animals or setting fires. If these behaviors are diagnosed before age 18, the individual is typically diagnosed with conduct disorder instead of ASPD.

Causes of ASPD

The exact cause of ASPD remains unclear, but research suggests that it may result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Childhood trauma, abuse, neglect, and certain social conditions may also contribute to the development of this disorder.

Additionally, ASPD often occurs alongside other mental health conditions, which may complicate diagnosis and treatment.

A Quick Review

"Psychopathy" and "sociopathy" are outdated, non-clinical terms often used to describe individuals who display antisocial behavior, emotional coldness, manipulation, and lack of empathy. In reality, these behaviors fall under the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).

ASPD is a serious mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of violating the rights of others, impulsivity, aggression, and lack of remorse. If you or someone you know shows signs of ASPD, it's important to consult a mental health professional for evaluation and support.