A recent study shows that people with anxiety or depression may experience more symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) than those without these mental health conditions—even when drinking the same amount. While hangovers often include headaches, nausea, and fatigue, some individuals also report feeling increased depression or anxiety after consuming alcohol. More than 15% experience depression and around 12% experience heightened anxiety after drinking.

If this sounds familiar or if you have a diagnosis of anxiety or depression, it may be time to evaluate your alcohol use. Drinking may not only worsen symptoms of anxiety and depression, but also put you at greater risk of developing AUD.

The study suggests that individuals with anxiety or depressive disorders experience more intense symptoms of AUD compared to others who consume similar amounts of alcohol.

What the Evidence Says

The study, published in a scientific journal, analyzed data from nearly 26,000 adults. It revealed that people with anxiety or major depressive disorders are more likely to develop alcohol-related symptoms.

alcohol-related symptoms
These symptoms may include physical reactions like altered sensory perception and changes in heart rate, behavioral changes like cravings and tolerance, and social impacts such as difficulties in relationships or employment.

the harm paradox
This finding supports what researchers call the “harm paradox,” which describes how individuals with mental illness often suffer greater negative effects from substance use than others using the same amount. The effect was most prominent among people with multiple mental health conditions—even those whose conditions were no longer active.

This highlights the importance of being cautious with alcohol if you or someone close to you has a history of anxiety or depression.

The Relationship Between Alcohol and Mental Health

It is well established that people with mood and anxiety disorders are at an increased risk of substance use problems. Internalizing disorders like depression and anxiety commonly overlap with AUD. Studies show that 20% to 40% of those with these conditions also meet criteria for AUD.

rethinking self-medication
Historically, this connection was explained through the idea of self-medication—where individuals with mental health struggles drink to alleviate their symptoms. However, newer research suggests the relationship is more complex. Some researchers propose that a shared neurobiological pathway may contribute to both mental health disorders and substance use disorders, meaning that having one may increase the risk of developing the other.

The relationship is multifaceted and has been a focus of ongoing scientific exploration.

How to Prevent Alcohol Use Disorder

If you have anxiety or depression, it’s important to monitor your alcohol use—especially if you are taking medication, as alcohol may interfere or amplify side effects.

be mindful of your habits
Regular alcohol consumption, even in moderate amounts, can have negative health effects including liver problems, cancer, and worsened mental health. Consider how much and how often you drink, and be mindful of whether you are using alcohol as a way to cope with emotional stress.

examine your motivations
Understanding why you turn to alcohol can be key in prevention. Many people use substances to relax or escape their emotions. But over time, these coping mechanisms can backfire and increase emotional distress or dependency.

Form Healthy Coping Mechanisms

Alcohol may provide temporary relief from negative emotions, but its long-term effects often worsen anxiety and depression. Withdrawal from alcohol can also negatively affect mood, creating a cycle of dependency.

find alternatives
Instead of relying on alcohol, explore other ways to manage stress or negative emotions. Healthier coping strategies include:

  • Meditation or mindfulness

  • Talking to a therapist

  • Attending support groups

  • Taking walks

  • Reading, listening to music, or engaging in creative hobbies

  • Spending quality time with supportive friends

Building these habits can gradually replace the reliance on alcohol and improve your overall mental health.

Get Help When Needed

If you find it difficult to reduce your drinking or feel trapped in a cycle of using alcohol to boost your mood, it’s important to reach out for help. Healthcare providers and mental health professionals can provide assessments and personalized treatment plans.

educational resources
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) provides a resource called Rethinking Drinking, which is a valuable tool to learn more about alcohol’s effects and how to make informed choices.

If you are not currently receiving treatment for anxiety or depression, seeking professional help is a crucial step. There are multiple treatment options available that can be tailored to your individual needs and circumstances.