Fibromyalgia is a chronic health condition characterized by widespread pain and tenderness throughout the body. The pain can range from mild to severe and may feel like a dull ache, burning sensation, or stabbing discomfort. Fatigue, stiffness, and sleep disturbances are also common.

Symptoms can fluctuate — some days you may experience flare-ups, while on others you might feel little to no pain. It’s important to note that fibromyalgia symptoms are not progressive, meaning they don’t necessarily worsen over time.

People assigned female at birth are more likely to be diagnosed with fibromyalgia. While the exact cause is still unclear, researchers suspect links to inflammation, mental health conditions, and hormonal changes. Factors like stress, menstruation, or shifts in weather can trigger flare-ups.

An estimated 4 million adults in the United States — about 2% of the population — live with fibromyalgia. Recognizing the signs early can help individuals seek timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

Pain Symptoms

Fibromyalgia primarily causes chronic body pain that affects multiple areas. Commonly, people feel discomfort in the arms, legs, chest, abdomen, back, or buttocks.

The intensity and character of pain vary between individuals — some experience dull aches, while others describe stabbing or burning sensations.

Common Pain-Related Symptoms:

  • Sore muscles

  • Joint stiffness

  • Headaches or migraines

  • Muscle spasms

  • Swelling in limbs

  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain

These symptoms often interfere with daily life and can worsen with fatigue or stress.

Neurological Symptoms

Alongside pain, fibromyalgia frequently affects the nervous system, leading to fatigue and poor sleep quality. Many people report waking up tired despite getting a full night’s rest.

Other Neurological Symptoms:

  • Numbness or tingling in the arms and legs

  • Difficulty concentrating (“fibro fog”)

  • Forgetfulness or confusion

  • Heightened sensitivity to light and sound

  • Restlessness or insomnia

  • Dizziness and imbalance

Because of these symptoms, everyday tasks may feel more difficult, affecting productivity and mood.

Psychological Symptoms

Fibromyalgia is closely linked to emotional well-being. Many patients experience mood disorders alongside physical symptoms. This is why healthcare providers often combine antidepressants with pain management medications.

Common Psychological Effects:

  • Emotional distress

  • Depression or sadness

  • Anxiety or panic attacks

  • Irritability or mood swings

Managing both mental and physical health is crucial for reducing flare-ups and improving overall quality of life.

Digestive Symptoms

Fibromyalgia can also impact the digestive system. Nearly half of those diagnosed report symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Digestive-Related Symptoms:

  • Bloating or abdominal discomfort

  • Constipation or diarrhea

  • Nausea or indigestion

  • Pelvic pain or cramping

  • Flatulence and gas

These gastrointestinal issues often fluctuate with stress or diet changes.

Symptoms In Children

Although fibromyalgia is most common in middle-aged women, children and adolescents can also develop it. The most frequent symptom in young patients is widespread pain, described as dull, burning, or throbbing.

Additional Symptoms In Children:

  • Fatigue and restlessness

  • Headaches or migraines

  • Sleep difficulties

  • Digestive discomfort

  • Anxiety, sadness, or irritability

  • Trouble focusing or concentrating

Early diagnosis and supportive care can help children manage pain effectively and continue normal daily activities.

Symptoms In Men And Women

Researchers are still studying why fibromyalgia affects women more often than men. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy may play a role in triggering flare-ups.

Symptoms That Tend To Appear More Frequently In Women:

  • Morning fatigue

  • Pain across the entire body

  • IBS-like symptoms

  • Cramping or increased menstrual pain

  • Restless leg syndrome

  • Anxiety and depression

Hormonal and biological differences are believed to influence symptom frequency and severity in females.

When To See A Healthcare Provider

Fibromyalgia can interfere with work, school, and personal life. If you notice widespread pain, extreme tiredness, poor sleep, or emotional changes that persist, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider.

Although there is no cure, many treatments can help reduce symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and restore quality of life. Early diagnosis leads to better management and improved daily functioning.

A Quick Review

Fibromyalgia causes body-wide pain, fatigue, and sleep problems. The pain can occur in your arms, legs, chest, or back and may feel dull, burning, or throbbing. Other common symptoms include digestive issues, anxiety, and mood changes.

Symptoms can appear and disappear, with flare-ups triggered by hormonal shifts, stress, or environmental changes. While its exact cause remains unknown, consistent treatment and lifestyle adjustments can make a major difference.

If you’re experiencing these symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider. With proper management, most people with fibromyalgia can lead active, fulfilling lives.