A deviated septum, also known as nasal septum deviation, occurs when the thin wall separating the two nasal passages is off-center. This condition causes one nasal passage to become narrower than the other, which can lead to various breathing difficulties and other health issues.

It’s estimated that a large percentage of people have some degree of septal deviation. While not everyone experiences symptoms, those who do may notice persistent nasal congestion, sinus infections, facial discomfort, headaches, sleep disturbances, and even nosebleeds.

Chronic Nasal Congestion

A deviated septum reduces the size of one or both nasal passages, limiting airflow and making it hard to breathe through the nose. This can lead to a constant feeling of stuffiness, particularly in one nostril, and a frequent urge to blow your nose.

congestion-related effects
Restricted airflow may force mouth breathing, which often causes a dry mouth or sore throat over time.

Frequent Sinus Infections

The nasal passages naturally filter out particles like dust and allergens through mucus and tiny hair-like structures called cilia. When a deviated septum blocks the passageways, this filtering function becomes less effective.

sinus drainage obstruction
Obstructed drainage can cause mucus buildup, providing a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses. This increases the risk of recurrent sinus infections, which may present with symptoms like facial pressure and post-nasal drip.

Facial Pressure or Pain

When the sinuses can't drain properly due to septal deviation, mucus accumulates and leads to pressure or pain, particularly around the cheeks, nose, or eyes.

pain pattern
This discomfort may be one-sided and can become worse when lying down or bending forward.

Headaches

A deviated septum can irritate the nasal lining or press against turbinates—small structures inside the nose that regulate airflow. This irritation may stimulate surrounding nerves and lead to headaches.

related sinus pressure
Chronic sinus congestion may also contribute to dull or throbbing headaches, especially around the forehead.

Nosebleeds

When airflow is uneven, the mucous membrane in the larger nasal passage can dry out. This makes the tissue more fragile and more likely to bleed.

other contributing factors
Frequent nose-blowing or environmental factors such as dry air can further increase the likelihood of nosebleeds.

Sleep Problems

Blocked airflow during sleep can cause snoring due to vibration of the nasal and throat tissues. In more serious cases, a deviated septum may contribute to obstructive sleep apnea.

impact on sleep quality
This condition can cause shallow breathing or pauses in breathing at night, resulting in poor rest, daytime fatigue, and increased risks for heart and metabolic conditions.

Changes in Sense of Smell and Taste

The nose contains olfactory receptors responsible for detecting smells. A deviated septum can block airflow to these receptors, reducing the ability to detect odors.

effect on taste
Since smell and taste are closely linked, a reduced sense of smell can make foods seem bland or less flavorful.

Symptoms in Children

Children may have a deviated septum from birth or as a result of injury. While not always symptomatic, some signs in children may include:

  • breathing through the mouth

  • congestion mostly in one nostril

  • snoring or noisy breathing

  • recurring sinus infections or runny nose

  • trouble sleeping

  • frequent nosebleeds

  • diminished smell or taste

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider

If symptoms interfere with daily life or worsen over time, it’s important to see a healthcare provider. Common reasons to seek medical attention include:

  • chronic or one-sided nasal congestion

  • repeated sinus infections

  • difficulty breathing through the nose

  • frequent nosebleeds

  • nighttime mouth breathing or snoring

Questions To Ask Your Provider

When speaking with your provider, consider asking the following:

  • Could a deviated septum be the reason why I’m having trouble sleeping?

  • What tests are used to diagnose a deviated septum?

  • What treatment options are available?

  • How can I prevent future sinus infections?

  • What can I do to reduce nosebleeds caused by septal deviation?

A Quick Review

A deviated septum is a common condition where the nasal septum is misaligned, causing symptoms such as nasal congestion, sinus infections, nosebleeds, headaches, and sleep-related breathing problems.

It may also reduce your sense of smell and taste. Consulting a healthcare provider can help you receive a proper diagnosis and explore treatment options to improve your quality of life.