Fertility tests can help you understand your chances of becoming pregnant. While testing is commonly done at a medical office, at-home kits are also available. For example, hormone-level tests can be ordered online, and some clinics even offer mobile services for easier access.

However, not everyone needs fertility testing. Whether or not it's a good idea depends on your age, medical history, and how long you've been trying to conceive. Below is everything you need to know about fertility testing—including who might need it, the types of tests available, costs, and what to expect.

How Common Is Infertility?

Infertility affects about 15% of couples, and the likelihood increases with age. Among people of reproductive age, around 11% of women and about 9% of men experience infertility.

When Should You Consider Fertility Testing?

The right time for testing depends on your age:

  • If you’re under 35 and have been trying to conceive for over a year without success, testing is recommended.
  • If you’re over 35, testing should be considered after six months of trying.

Who Should Get Tested?

Even if you don’t fall into the time-based guidelines, you may still want to get tested if you show signs of health conditions linked to infertility.

Common Risk Factors for Infertility

 

Women Men
Irregular or absent periods Infertility history or testicular injury
Genetic or medical conditions affecting egg quality Previous hernia surgery or chemotherapy
Endometriosis Sexual dysfunction
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or multiple miscarriages -
Known or suspected uterine or tubal issues -

What Affects Fertility?

Fertility challenges can be linked to both physical and lifestyle factors.

Physical Factors

In people assigned female at birth, these may include:

  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Cancer or tumors
  • Diabetes
  • Ovulation problems (e.g., PCOS or menopause)
  • Blocked or swollen fallopian tubes
  • Scar tissue from surgeries or STIs
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Uterine abnormalities (e.g., polyps)

In people assigned male at birth, causes may include:

  • Environmental toxins
  • Problems with ejaculation or sperm production
  • Genetic disorders
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Infections
  • Heat exposure
  • Uncontrolled diabetes

Lifestyle Factors

Even with normal test results, lifestyle can still affect fertility. Risk factors include:

  • Significant weight changes
  • Intense physical activity
  • Emotional stress
  • Poor nutrition
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol or drug use

Types of Fertility Tests

Healthcare providers may use various tests to assess fertility. These include:

Blood Tests

  • AMH test: Measures ovarian reserve (how many eggs are left).
  • FSH test: Rises when egg count is low, helping assess fertility status.

At-Home Testing

  • Kits from companies like Modern Fertility and Everlywell can measure AMH.
  • Semen analysis kits are also available and assess sperm count and movement.
  • Results usually take a few days.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

  • An X-ray test that checks for blockages or abnormalities in the uterus or fallopian tubes.
  • Often performed during the first 14 days of a menstrual cycle.

Other Tests

  • Genetic testing
  • Hormone panels
  • Hysteroscopy
  • Laparoscopy
  • Sonohysterograms
  • Testicular biopsy
  • Transvaginal ultrasound

How Reliable Are These Tests?

While AMH is commonly used to assess ovarian reserve, it doesn't always predict fertility accurately. A 2017 study found that AMH and FSH levels had no significant correlation with the ability to conceive.

Experts caution against relying too heavily on these tests—especially for those in their 30s or 40s. Fertility depends not only on egg quantity but also egg quality, which is harder to measure. Additionally, no global standards exist for AMH testing, making it difficult to compare results between different labs.

How Much Does Fertility Testing Cost?

Many insurance companies only cover fertility testing if:

  • You are under 35 and have tried for one year
  • You are over 35 and have tried for six months

To confirm coverage, contact your insurance provider.

At-home AMH tests: Around $100–$200
 In-clinic testing: Varies by provider or fertility clinic

How Is Infertility Treated?

Treatment depends on the cause and may include:

  • Intrauterine insemination (IUI): Sperm is inserted directly into the uterus, often alongside ovulation-inducing meds.
  • In vitro fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized in a lab and implanted into the uterus.
  • Medications: Hormones to stimulate ovulation or improve sperm production.
  • Surgery: To correct physical issues like blockages or endometriosis.
  • Therapy: For underlying mental health or relationship-related concerns.

A Quick Review

Fertility tests can help assess your chances of getting pregnant and are available both at home and in clinics. However, they’re not the only factor to consider. Lifestyle, stress, nutrition, and overall health also play a major role.

Use fertility testing as one piece of a larger picture when planning for pregnancy, and consult a healthcare provider to get personalized advice.