Despite reduced heart function, many patients with congestive heart failure can live long and fulfilling lives when supported by proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments.

Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, is a chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump blood efficiently to meet the body’s needs. It often occurs in conjunction with other serious medical conditions.

According to Dr. Sara Tabtabai, co-director of the University of Connecticut Heart Failure Center, many patients initially associate the diagnosis with dire outcomes such as heart transplant or death. However, she emphasizes that for most people, numerous treatment options exist long before reaching those stages. The primary focus is to reduce or eliminate symptoms and improve heart function as much as possible.

Heart Failure Overview

Heart failure does not mean the heart stops working altogether. There are two primary types:

Left-Sided Heart Failure

This occurs when the left side of the heart must work harder to circulate the same amount of blood.

Right-Sided Heart Failure

Often a result of left-sided heart failure, this type is caused by increased pressure that backs up into the lungs and eventually the right side of the heart.

Heart failure can result from several underlying conditions, including:

  • Arrhythmia

  • Cardiomyopathy

  • Congenital heart defects

  • Coronary artery disease

  • Heart attack

  • High blood pressure

  • Diabetes

Heart failure may develop gradually as these underlying issues progress, or it can occur suddenly. Although manageable, it can affect multiple organs and body functions.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of heart failure. Common signs include:

  • Shortness of breath

  • Fatigue or general weakness

  • Persistent coughing

  • Swelling in ankles, legs, or abdomen

  • Difficulty sleeping

  • Nausea

  • Loss of appetite

According to Dr. Tabtabai, many people feel fatigued or notice a decline in their ability to carry out everyday tasks. Shortness of breath and leg or ankle swelling are also very common, particularly due to fluid accumulation from poor blood circulation—often referred to as congestive heart failure when these symptoms manifest.

Treatments

Although heart failure cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with medications and lifestyle modifications. Without treatment, the condition can progress rapidly.

Medications

Heart failure medications are tailored to each patient’s needs, depending on the type and severity of the condition and any coexisting health issues.

Commonly prescribed medications include:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

  • Angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs)

  • Beta blockers

  • Aldosterone antagonists

  • Diuretics

Dr. Tabtabai notes that symptoms and outcomes don’t always correlate with ejection fraction percentages—some individuals with very low function feel well and live long lives.

Adhering to the prescribed medication schedule is essential to gaining the full benefit of treatment.

Lifestyle Changes

In addition to medication, lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing heart failure. These adjustments can improve daily function and slow disease progression.

Recommended changes include:

  • Reducing sodium intake

  • Quitting smoking

  • Managing stress levels

  • Staying physically active

  • Addressing other medical conditions contributing to heart failure

Dr. Tabtabai emphasizes that regular exercise and healthy eating habits formed early in life can prevent heart failure and improve outcomes for those diagnosed. Managing blood pressure is also vital.

She advocates for early identification of at-risk individuals and encourages establishing heart-healthy habits early as a powerful preventive strategy.

A study has shown that regular exercise not only lowers the risk of developing heart failure but also reduces hospitalization and mortality for those already diagnosed. Always consult with a healthcare provider to develop a safe and manageable exercise routine.

Surgical Options

For advanced heart failure, surgery may be required. These procedures include:

  • Heart transplantation

  • Implantation of an internal defibrillator (ICD)

  • Insertion of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD)

Although these options can be emotionally and physically demanding, they often result in significantly improved quality of life.

A Quick Review

Heart failure is a serious but manageable condition. With the right combination of medical treatment, lifestyle changes, and possibly surgery, many people continue to live active and meaningful lives.

If you notice symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or persistent swelling, consult a healthcare provider. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in your quality of life.