Diarrhea, or loose, watery stools occurring three or more times per day, can be disruptive and uncomfortable. While it often clears up on its own, fast relief can come from simple home treatments, dietary adjustments, and proper hydration. In some cases, medication or medical support may be necessary depending on the cause and severity.

1. Anti-Diarrheal Medications

over-the-counter relief
Loperamide (Imodium) slows intestinal movement, helping the body absorb fluids and firm up stool. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) reduces inflammation and fluid secretion.

cautions
Avoid if diarrhea is caused by bacteria or parasites. Follow the label's instructions and consult a healthcare provider if on other medications.

2. Antibiotics

when necessary
Antibiotics are only prescribed when bacterial or parasitic infections are suspected. Viral infections like norovirus or rotavirus do not require antibiotics.

targeted treatment
Healthcare providers may choose specific antibiotics based on the type of infection.

3. Diet Modifications

recommended foods
BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) helps bulk up stool. Add broths, plain potatoes, and saltine crackers for additional comfort.

foods to avoid
Stay away from alcohol, caffeine, greasy foods, high-fat dairy, and gas-producing vegetables like beans or broccoli.

4. Hydration

best fluids
Water, oral rehydration solutions (Pedialyte, Enfalyte), caffeine-free sodas, light broths, and diluted juices help replenish fluids.

signs of dehydration
Watch for dark yellow urine, dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, and fast heartbeat. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

5. Probiotics

gut-friendly bacteria
Probiotics may help restore healthy gut flora, especially after antibiotics. Common strains include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.

research limitations
The American College of Gastroenterology notes limited evidence for probiotics in treating acute diarrhea in adults.

6. Oral Rehydration Solutions

electrolyte replenishment
These contain sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and glucose. They prevent dehydration but do not stop diarrhea.

usage
Safe for children and older adults. Recommended when vomiting or diarrhea leads to fluid loss.

What Is Diarrhea?

Diarrhea involves passing loose or watery stools frequently. Most cases resolve on their own, but persistent or severe episodes may indicate underlying conditions.

common causes

  • Viral infections (e.g., norovirus)

  • Food poisoning

  • Food allergies or intolerances

  • Side effects from medications

  • Chronic illnesses (IBS, IBD)

Treating Underlying Causes

long-term diarrhea causes

  • Celiac disease: eliminate gluten

  • IBS: dietary changes

  • IBD: anti-inflammatory medications

  • Bile acid malabsorption: bile acid binders

When To See a Healthcare Provider

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

  • Fever over 102°F (38.9°C)

  • Black or bloody stools

  • Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days (or over 24 hours in children)

  • Severe abdominal pain

  • Signs of dehydration

  • Inability to hold down fluids

A Quick Review

Diarrhea is uncomfortable but often manageable with diet changes, hydration, and medications. Use home remedies wisely and seek medical care if symptoms persist or worsen, especially for infants, elderly, or those with other health conditions.