Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health condition that affects around 1 in 8 new parents within the first year after giving birth. Unlike the short-term "baby blues," which tend to resolve within a week or two, PPD lasts longer—two weeks or more—and features more intense symptoms. These may include hopelessness, worthlessness, emotional detachment from your baby, and sometimes even thoughts of self-harm or harm to the baby. Because of its impact on both parent and child, getting proper treatment is essential.

Medications

For people with mild to moderate PPD, therapy alone may be the first step in treatment. However, in moderate to severe cases, healthcare providers often recommend combining medication with therapy. Even those with mild cases may benefit from medication to help manage symptoms.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are commonly prescribed to treat PPD. These may include:

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Zoloft (sertraline), Lexapro (escitalopram), and Prozac (fluoxetine)

  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

  • Tricyclic antidepressants like Elavil (amitriptyline)

These medications can take 3–4 weeks to begin working. Side effects such as nausea, weight changes, and fatigue are usually temporary. Though some medication may pass into breast milk, levels are generally low and often considered safe. Speak with your provider if you’re concerned about breastfeeding while on medication.

Zuranolone

Zuranolone (Zurzuvae) is a newer oral medication approved by the FDA to treat postpartum depression. It's taken once daily for 14 days and is the first of its kind approved for at-home use. Side effects may include tiredness, dizziness, diarrhea, cold symptoms, or urinary tract infections. The effects on breastfeeding and infant health are still being studied, so be sure to discuss any concerns with your provider.

Therapy

Therapy is a cornerstone of PPD treatment and is often used alongside medication. For some with milder symptoms, therapy alone may be enough. Different therapy types are helpful in managing PPD:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT helps you recognize and manage negative thinking patterns and behaviors. This approach typically involves 6–10 sessions and is well-supported by research as an effective treatment for PPD.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

IPT focuses on improving relationships and managing life transitions—such as becoming a new parent. It helps individuals navigate changes in family dynamics and communication.

Psychodynamic Therapy

This form of therapy explores unconscious thoughts and past experiences to better understand present emotions and behaviors. It can offer deeper insight into the root causes of your depression.

Lifestyle Adjustments

While lifestyle changes alone are not a cure for PPD, they can play a supportive role when combined with therapy or medication. Healthy habits can support long-term recovery and well-being. Helpful lifestyle adjustments include:

  • Prioritize sleep: Nap or rest when possible, and consider asking loved ones to help with baby care.

  • Seek support: Don’t hesitate to ask for help from family and friends.

  • Stay active: Light physical activity like a short walk can boost mood.

  • Eat nutritious foods: A well-balanced diet supports both mental and physical health.

  • Connect with others: Social interaction—even small amounts—can ease feelings of isolation.

  • Join a support group: In-person or online groups for people with PPD can provide emotional connection and guidance.

  • Be open: Talk to loved ones or a provider if you notice your symptoms worsening.

Prognosis

The goal of PPD treatment is to reduce or eliminate symptoms so that you can care for yourself and your baby and live a more functional life. Most people recover well with proper treatment. However, if left untreated, symptoms can last for many months or even over a year. Long-term untreated PPD may lead to chronic depression and increase the risk of future depressive episodes. It can also interfere with parenting and child development.

Living With and Managing PPD

One of the biggest obstacles in treating postpartum depression is recognizing it. Many people may not realize they’re suffering from PPD, or they may feel ashamed or overwhelmed and hesitate to seek help.

If you’re unsure where to begin, here are some first steps:

  • Talk to your OB-GYN or midwife: They are trained to recognize and treat PPD.

  • Call or text the National Maternal Mental Health Hotline at 1-833-TLC-MAMA (1-833-852-6262) for 24/7 support.

  • Reach out to Postpartum Support International by texting "Help" or calling 1-800-944-4773.

  • In a crisis, if you're having thoughts of harming yourself, contact the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988.