Gastritis is a medical condition marked by inflammation of the stomach lining, known as the mucosa. It can cause a variety of symptoms that differ from person to person. Gastritis may be either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).

Common symptoms of gastritis include abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and sometimes blood in the stool or vomit. However, some people with gastritis may not experience any symptoms at all.

Treatment for gastritis depends on the underlying cause and typically involves medications, stress management, and avoiding irritants such as alcohol.

Treatments for Gastritis

Gastritis is classified based on duration (acute or chronic), microscopic appearance, location within the stomach, and cause. Acute gastritis comes on suddenly and can develop into chronic gastritis if left untreated.

Common Causes of Gastritis Include:

  • Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori)

  • Regular use of NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen)

  • Autoimmune disorders where the immune system attacks stomach cells

  • Excessive alcohol consumption

  • Severe physical stress (such as trauma or burns)

  • Bile acid reflux from the small intestine into the stomach

Medications Used for Gastritis

Over-the-counter medications are often the first line of treatment. These include:

H2 Antagonists (H2 Blockers):

  • Nizatidine (Axid)

  • Famotidine (Pepcid)

  • Cimetidine (Tagamet)

These medications reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs):

  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)

  • Omeprazole (Prilosec)

  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)

  • Rabeprazole (AcipHex)

  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)

PPIs also work by lowering stomach acid levels, promoting healing of the stomach lining.

Treatment for H. Pylori-Induced Gastritis

When gastritis is caused by H. pylori, treatment generally includes:

  • Antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria

  • PPIs or H2 blockers to reduce acid and promote healing

  • Bismuth subsalicylate, an over-the-counter option used off-label to help combat H. pylori

Treatment for NSAID-Induced Gastritis

When NSAIDs are the cause:

  • Discontinue NSAID use if possible

  • Use PPIs or H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid

  • Cytoprotective agents like misoprostol (Cytotec) may be prescribed to strengthen the stomach’s protective lining

Treatment for Autoimmune Gastritis

In autoimmune gastritis, the focus is on controlling immune system activity and addressing nutritional deficiencies:

  • Iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 supplements to prevent pernicious anemia

  • Vitamin B12 injections may be recommended if anemia develops

Treatment for Alcohol-Induced Gastritis

If excessive alcohol is the cause, treatment focuses on healing and reducing inflammation:

  • Avoid alcohol consumption

  • Use antibiotics (if secondary infection is suspected)

  • Take antacids, PPIs, or H2 blockers to manage acid levels

  • Consider probiotics to support gut health

Treatment for Stress-Induced Gastritis

Management includes:

  • Early use of H2 blockers and PPIs

  • Avoiding triggers of stress

  • Incorporating stress-reducing practices such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing

Even after symptoms improve, it's beneficial to continue stress-reducing activities and avoid substances like alcohol, caffeine, and NSAIDs.

Treatment for Bile Acid Reflux Gastritis

The focus here is to protect the stomach lining and control bile:

  • Sucralfate acts as a barrier agent to coat the stomach lining

  • Bile acid sequestrants help remove excess bile

  • Antacids neutralize existing stomach acid

  • Ursodeoxycholic acid helps reduce bile acid production

  • A low-acid diet and avoiding alcohol may offer additional relief

Living With and Managing Gastritis

Managing gastritis long-term involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatment:

Eat Smaller, More Frequent Meals

Smaller, consistent meals may help ease symptoms and reduce risk, especially in H. pylori-related cases.

Avoid Irritants

Stay away from alcohol, tobacco, and NSAIDs. Talk to your doctor about alternatives if NSAIDs are needed.

Manage Stress

Stress can worsen gastritis symptoms. Use techniques such as mindfulness, breathing exercises, and engaging in enjoyable activities.

Follow Medical Advice

Take all prescribed medications as directed, and stay in communication with your healthcare provider for ongoing support and monitoring.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

  • Persistent upper abdominal pain

  • Black or tarry stools

  • Vomiting blood or dark material resembling coffee grounds

These symptoms may indicate a more serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

A Quick Review

Gastritis involves inflammation of the stomach lining and may be caused by various factors such as infection, alcohol, stress, or medications. Treatment usually includes medication, lifestyle changes, and avoiding triggers. Seek medical attention for any concerning or persistent symptoms to prevent complications.