Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition that impacts how you manage emotions and interact with others. People with BPD often struggle with emotional regulation, impulsive behavior, intense mood swings, and unstable relationships.

Although BPD can be challenging, effective treatment options are available. Psychotherapy is typically the first recommendation, while medications may also support symptom management.

Psychotherapy

People living with borderline personality disorder often need long-term therapy from mental health professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, or licensed therapists. Therapy can help reduce symptoms like:

  • Difficulty controlling emotions

  • Impulsive behaviors

  • Negative self-image

  • Rapid mood changes

  • Trouble maintaining healthy relationships

With the right therapeutic support, many individuals experience fewer symptoms, improved emotional regulation, and a better quality of life.

Common Therapy Approaches

  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Specifically designed for BPD, DBT teaches skills in mindfulness, emotion regulation, and managing self-destructive behaviors.

  • Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT): Helps individuals understand the connection between thoughts and behaviors, promoting emotional stability and reduced impulsivity.

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Assists in recognizing and changing negative thought patterns, reducing mood swings, anxiety, and self-harming tendencies.

Studies show that ongoing therapy significantly reduces psychiatric hospitalizations and instances of self-harm among people with BPD.

Therapy Retention and Support

Improvements in symptoms can appear within a few months of therapy, but challenges like impulsivity, poor self-esteem, and low motivation may interfere with treatment consistency.

For loved ones, gentle encouragement, helping set schedules, or offering transportation can make a difference. For individuals with BPD, reaching out to friends or family for accountability and exploring virtual therapy options can help maintain consistent care.

Medications

Currently, no medication is specifically approved by the FDA to treat BPD. However, medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or mood instability.

Some commonly used medications include:

  • SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine/Prozac)

  • Antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine/Seroquel)

  • Mood stabilizers (e.g., lamotrigine/Lamictal)

  • Antiepileptics (e.g., valproate/Depacon)

These medications should be used in conjunction with therapy, as medication alone is not sufficient to treat BPD effectively.

Support for Caregivers and Loved Ones

Family members, friends, and partners of those with BPD may also benefit from therapy or support groups. Because BPD can lead to impulsive actions and emotional outbursts, it can place strain on relationships.

Support options can help caregivers:

  • Understand the condition

  • Set healthy boundaries

  • Practice self-care

Programs such as those offered by the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder provide helpful resources at no cost.

Prognosis and Life Expectancy

Although there is no cure for BPD, the long-term outlook depends heavily on a person’s willingness to seek and stick with treatment. Regular therapy often leads to better symptom control, stronger relationships, and improved well-being.

Without treatment, BPD can increase the risk of complications such as depression, substance use, self-harm, and suicide. These risks may reduce life expectancy significantly, making it crucial to seek help and stay engaged with a support system.

Living With and Managing Borderline Personality Disorder

BPD is a complex condition that affects emotional stability, interpersonal connections, and daily life. Symptoms often include mood swings, impulsive behavior, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

While the condition is lifelong, it is manageable. Consistent therapy and appropriate medications can significantly reduce symptoms. Building a strong support system and maintaining communication with healthcare providers are key to managing BPD and leading a fulfilling life.