A boil—also known medically as a furuncle—is a common skin infection that develops when a hair follicle or oil gland becomes infected. It typically appears as a red, painful lump filled with pus and can cause significant discomfort.
There are various types of boils depending on the underlying cause. Likewise, treatment options range from simple home remedies to medical interventions. Your specific treatment plan will be based on the type and severity of the boil.
The primary goals of treating a boil are to relieve pain, drain the infected pus, and prevent recurrence. Most boils can be treated under the guidance of a primary care provider or a dermatologist.
Treatments For A Furuncle
Furuncles are the most common type of boil. They usually begin as small red bumps and grow into pus-filled lumps. Most are caused by bacterial infections like staph. Treatment depends on the boil’s size and severity and may include the following options:
Warm Compresses
Applying a warm towel or heating pad several times a day can help the boil drain naturally.
Skincare
Using antibacterial soap and keeping the boil covered with gauze may help prevent irritation and promote healing.
Over-The-Counter Medications
Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can reduce inflammation and discomfort.
Antibiotics
For bacterial infections that don't respond to home care, antibiotics like cefadroxil may be prescribed.
Incision And Drainage
If the boil does not heal or drain on its own, a healthcare provider may make a small cut to manually release the pus. This method offers fast relief but may cause scarring or risk infection.
Treatments For Cystic Acne
Cystic acne is a severe type of acne that can lead to large, painful boils on the face, chest, or back. Specialized dermatological care is often necessary.
Topical Medications
Retinoids and benzoyl peroxide help reduce inflammation and unclog pores. Skin dryness or irritation may occur in the early stages.
Oral Antibiotics
Drugs like doxycycline and minocycline help reduce bacterial growth and inflammation. These are typically used for three to four months to avoid antibiotic resistance and side effects.
Accutane (Isotretinoin)
This powerful oral medication is reserved for severe cases and requires close monitoring due to potential side effects like dry skin and mood changes.
Birth Control
For people with hormonal imbalances, birth control pills may help manage cystic acne effectively.
Corticosteroid Injections
Steroid shots directly into the lesion may provide fast relief by reducing swelling and pain. However, they are used sparingly due to long-term risks.
Treatments For Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic condition that causes recurring boils in areas with sweat glands, such as the underarms and groin.
Antibiotics
Clindamycin and rifampin can be taken orally or applied topically for several weeks to help manage HS. Side effects may include skin irritation or gastrointestinal discomfort.
Humira (Adalimumab)
This FDA-approved injection is used for moderate to severe HS. Side effects may include injection site swelling or increased risk of infection.
Surgery
For persistent or painful boils, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected tissue. This option carries risks such as scarring and recurrence.
Lifestyle Tip
Wearing loose-fitting clothing can help prevent friction and reduce the risk of new boils.
Treatments For Pilonidal Cysts
Pilonidal cysts are pus-filled boils that appear near the tailbone, often due to prolonged sitting or ingrown hairs. Treatment options include:
Incision And Drainage
Minor surgery is commonly performed to cut open the cyst and drain the pus. This procedure should only be done by a medical professional.
Laser Therapy
A newer method that destroys hair follicles to prevent cysts from recurring. Multiple sessions may be required.
Surgical Removal
The most definitive treatment involves surgical excision. Recovery may be lengthy and can involve pain or infection.
Living With And Managing Boils
Boils can occur occasionally or be related to an underlying condition. Without treatment, they may lead to abscesses or more serious infections.
Adopting healthy habits can reduce recurrence. These include maintaining good hygiene, wearing breathable clothing, and treating any underlying health conditions. If boils occur frequently, consult a healthcare provider for a long-term management plan.
A Quick Review
Boils are pus-filled skin infections that can cause pain, swelling, and irritation. Understanding the different types of boils and how to treat them effectively can help you avoid complications. Treatment may include topical care, oral medications, or minor procedures such as drainage. With the right approach, boils are manageable and often preventable.
