Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine. While there is currently no known way to fully prevent AS, early diagnosis and treatment are essential for slowing its progression and minimizing complications.
People with AS often experience pain and stiffness in the lower back, neck, hips, shoulders, and heels. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle—through regular movement and a balanced diet—can help protect joint health and reduce the impact of the disease.
How To Reduce Your Risk
There is no guaranteed way to prevent AS, but several strategies may reduce your risk or delay the onset of symptoms.
avoid smoking
Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing AS and can lead to earlier disease onset. It may also accelerate disease progression and reduce treatment effectiveness.
get regular exercise
Routine physical activity helps maintain strength, flexibility, and endurance—all essential for reducing stiffness and supporting joint function. Exercise can also aid in weight management and bone health.
maintain a healthy weight
Being underweight or obese can negatively affect AS symptoms. Obesity, in particular, may lead to worse outcomes if the condition develops and can also complicate treatment efforts.
eat a balanced diet
An anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids can help lower overall inflammation. Limiting processed foods, added sugars, and unhealthy fats may further support immune health.
Who Is Most at Risk?
While AS can affect people of all backgrounds, some individuals have a higher likelihood of developing the disease.
age
Symptoms commonly start before age 45, though they can begin earlier or later in some cases.
family history
Having a parent or sibling with AS significantly increases your risk.
medical history
People with other autoimmune conditions, such as psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are more likely to develop AS.
Genetics
AS has a strong genetic connection, meaning that hereditary factors play a large role in disease development.
hla-b27 gene
A key genetic marker linked to AS is the HLA-B27 gene. Having this gene increases your likelihood of developing AS, but not everyone with HLA-B27 will get the disease.
This gene is more prevalent in White individuals with AS than in other ethnic groups. While its presence suggests a heightened risk, it is not a definitive predictor.
genetic testing
Genetic testing can help identify your risk level. Your healthcare provider may suggest it if you have symptoms or a family history of AS.
HLA-B27 Blood Test
The HLA-B27 blood test checks for the presence of the HLA-B27 protein, which is associated with immune system irregularities. If you test positive for this marker, you may be more likely to develop AS or related autoimmune disorders.
Genetic Risk Scoring
what it is
Genetic risk scoring (GRS) involves analyzing your DNA—usually from a cheek swab or blood sample—to identify genetic variants associated with certain diseases, including AS.
polygenic risk scores (PRS)
A polygenic risk score combines information from multiple genes to estimate your overall risk. This score does not confirm whether you will develop AS or predict the severity of symptoms, but it provides valuable insight into genetic susceptibility.
Discuss With Your Healthcare Provider
If you notice symptoms like persistent back pain or stiffness—especially if they improve with activity—it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider. Early detection and treatment can reduce complications and help preserve quality of life.
Your provider may recommend further testing, lifestyle changes, or specialist referrals depending on your symptoms and risk profile.
A Quick Review
AS cannot currently be prevented, but you can take steps to lower your risk and manage symptoms. Genetics play a key role, and tools like genetic testing and risk scoring can help identify susceptibility. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle—avoiding smoking, exercising regularly, and eating well—you can reduce inflammation and protect your joint health. Early diagnosis remains the most effective way to manage the condition and maintain long-term wellness.
