Constipation is a common condition that causes difficulty passing stool, hard or dry stools, and fewer than three bowel movements a week. While it can often be managed with diet and lifestyle changes, it may sometimes require medical intervention. Here are eight common causes of constipation:
1. Diet
A low-fiber diet can lead to constipation. Failing to eat enough whole grains, fruits, or vegetables may result in irregular or difficult bowel movements. Processed and prepared foods, like frozen meals and fast food, tend to be low in fiber and can contribute to constipation. Drinking enough water is also crucial for maintaining regular bowel movements. People who don’t drink enough fluids may experience constipation.
2. Dietary Supplements
Certain supplements, such as calcium and iron, may cause constipation. Calcium supplements, in particular, have been linked to constipation, especially when taken in large doses. If you experience constipation from supplements, consider spreading the dose throughout the day or taking them with food. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any supplements to ensure they are suitable for you.
3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder that can cause abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Some individuals with IBS may experience constipation, known as IBS-C. IBS can also cause diarrhea or a mix of both constipation and diarrhea. The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it is thought to involve an issue with the connection between the brain and the gut.
4. Lack of Exercise
A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to constipation. Regular physical activity helps stimulate the muscles in the intestines, promoting bowel movements. Prolonged bed rest due to illness or recovery from surgery may also lead to constipation, so it's essential to stay as active as possible.
5. Medications
Certain medications can cause constipation as a side effect, including:
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Antacids with calcium or aluminum
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Diuretics
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Muscle relaxants (antispasmodics)
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Anticonvulsants (used for seizures)
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Medications for Parkinson’s disease
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Narcotic pain relievers
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Some antidepressants
If constipation develops after starting a new medication, speak to your healthcare provider for possible alternatives.
6. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
The pelvic floor consists of muscles and tissue that support organs like the bladder and rectum. If these muscles do not function properly, it can be difficult to pass stool. In such cases, physical therapy can help retrain the pelvic floor muscles and improve bowel movements.
7. Pregnancy
Constipation is common during pregnancy, especially later in the term. Hormonal changes can slow digestion and relax bowel muscles, making it harder to have regular bowel movements. Additionally, the growing uterus can put pressure on the bowel, slowing its function.
8. Routine Changes
Changes in your daily routine, such as aging, traveling, or shifts in your diet, can disrupt normal bowel habits and cause constipation. The body’s digestive system may take time to adjust to these changes, leading to temporary constipation.
When To Seek Care
Most cases of constipation can be managed with dietary changes, increased fiber, and fluids. However, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen. You should seek medical attention if you experience:
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Abdominal pain
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Bloating
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Blood in your stool
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Nausea or vomiting
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No bowel movements for three days or more
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Unexplained weight loss, especially if you’re over 45
These symptoms may be indicative of a more serious underlying condition, such as colorectal cancer, and require medical evaluation.
A Quick Review
Constipation has several possible causes, including diet, medications, lifestyle, and underlying conditions like IBS or pregnancy. While lifestyle changes can help manage many cases, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or if you experience concerning symptoms such as pain or blood in your stool. Early intervention can help prevent complications.
